The Appropriation Of Hip Hop Cultural Forms - 1994 Words

Malicia Tuck Ethn 3800 Final Paper May 6, 2016 Culture Appropriation â€Å"†¦the appropriation of hip-hop cultural forms suggest not that whites want a black identity: rather, they want characteristics of blackness.† (Perry 2002, 109). This is quote by Pamela Perry, a sociologist as University of California Santa Cruz, from her book Shades of White:White Kids and Racial Identities in High School. Pamela Perry is a sociologist from University of California, Santa Cruz, throughout her book she touches on the idea of white children developing a sort of identity crisis depending on their environment. This quote helps put the appropriation of African American culture in its simplest terms. In most cases people associate Hip Hop culture with African Americans. With that being said, many artist of different genres who attempt to have a more hip hop vibe, fall subject to appropriating African American Culture. Various artist have been appropriating culture in several different ways whether it’s through dance, sou nd, or even image. Recently, 24- year old country singer/popstar Taylor Swift released a music video â€Å"Shake it Off† which was I sort of introduction to her newest album 1989. The video received some backlash for it was seen by many as offensive, and stereotypical to African American Culture. In the video Swift dresses in what some may consider Hip Hop attire, attempts to â€Å"twerk† and even has a section where she partially sings as well as raps. She even uses talks aboutShow MoreRelatedHip Hop Culture And Culture1196 Words   |  5 PagesHip-Hop Culture and race have had a complicated relationship in the past two decades. It has been commonly referred to as â€Å"black music† and a reflection of black culture. However, recent studies done by the Mediamark Research Inc. showed that 60% of rap music buyers are white. With the emergence of white, Latino, Asian, and other rappers with diverse backgrounds on the Hip Hop scene it is important recognize the ch anging color of the genre and the stereotype it holds as â€Å"black music†. Black cultureRead MoreCultural Elements Of Cultural Appropriation980 Words   |  4 PagesCultural exchange is something that has been happening for centuries. It allows people to learn more and experience other cultures through â€Å"mutual understanding, equality, and respect† (goodmenproject.com). Now there seems to be confusion on where cultural exchange ends and cultural appropriation begins. Cultural appropriation is the â€Å"taking [of] intellectual property, traditional knowledge, cultural expressions, or artifacts from someone else s culture without permission†(racerelations.about.com)Read MoreCultural Appropriation And Its Effect On Society Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesto its people. Culture show the struggle the knowledge, the life, and the death of a people. Cultural appropriation is defined as the adaptation or use of elements of one culture by the members of anothe r culture. Seen by some as controversial where minority culture is used by cultural majority (whites), and is seen as stripping it of its importance and intellectual properties.Cultural appropriation, it is something that we as a people should not accept nor should we ignore it.For it has been committedRead MoreClose to the Edge: the Representational Tactics of Eminem1567 Words   |  7 Pagespredominantly African-American and Latino dominated sub culture of hip-hop. The purpose of this document is to illuminate the methods utilized by what Dawkins calls the Other to seamlessly sneak into a racially charged social group and gain acceptance amongst its critics and audiences. This is someone who would otherwise be labelled as an outcast from the point of view of its patrons. Such methods draw from Michel de Certeau’s stages of cultural navigation, which Dawkins makes use of to support the analysisRead MoreThe Hip Hop Generation And Its Impact On Society1371 Words   |  6 Pa gesArgumentative Essay 6 December 2015 The Hip Hop Generation and its Impact on Society. Throughout history, Hip Hop has manifest into more than a simple form of life, but as a powerful cultural movement. Hip Hop plays a major part in African American culture, dialogue, fashion, and self expression. Today, Hip Hop has a joined people of many nationalities, races, and ethnicities as a society. The Hip Hop Generation has begun to redefine African American cultural norms and practices in America by theRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pageshas served as a stage for unity and providing hope to all walks of life. Cultural appropriation is a delicate subject in the black community. While many believe in the statement,â€Å"Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery,† blacks disagree. Cultural Appropriation has stripped and oppressed the black community. Nadra Nittle, a black woman discusses why cultural appropriation is an issue by stating,†Cultural appropriation remains a concern for a variety of reasons. For one, this sort of â€Å"borrowing†Read MoreThe Effects Of Hip Hop Music On Adolescents862 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Hip-Hop Music on Adolescents Music is a significant part of the lives of most people all over the world. In the United States, people listen to more than 25 hours each week [1]. Hip-hop makes up a large percentage of adolescent music genre preference. It goes without saying that this overwhelming presence of music in the lives of so many people will have a psychological effect on American culture and our way of life. But how exactly is Hip Hop affecting us psychologically and culturallyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Jazz 861 Words   |  4 PagesNo one really recognizes the line between what is offensive and what is not. Everyone has different opinions particularly about racial issues, yet there are some things that can’t be tolerated. Iggy Azalea is an Australian white hip-hop artist who uses â€Å"blaccent (the black accent) in her songs† (Guo). Al Jolson was an American singer and actor best remembered for his performance in the movie The Jazz Singer – the first talking picture. How ever, in the movie he performs the song â€Å"My Mammy† in blackfaceRead MoreStudy Guide Hum 325 Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the definition of â€Å"rhetoric†? Hip hop culture is an extension of the African American Oral Tradition. According to Gwendolyn D. Pough, â€Å"bringing wreck† means: According to Gwendolyn D. Pough’s â€Å"I Bring Wreck,† the rhetorical strategy of â€Å"bringing wreck† is used by Black female MCs to: As discussed in lecture, Queen Latifah’s â€Å"U.N.I.T.Y.† is: Why does Gwendolyn D. Pough compare Common’s â€Å"I Used to Love H.E.R.† with Erykah Badu’s â€Å"(Hip Hop) Love of My Life†? In Patricia HillRead MoreA Fraternity And A Sorority At Ucla Were Suspended In 20151995 Words   |  8 Pagessevere forms of racism. Blackface minstrelsy was one of the first American forms of entertainment and it provided a lens through which white America began to view black America in a harmful way. Decades later, hip hop emerged as a way to express resentment towards social oppression, it gave black people a sense of identity and culture through music. Although hip hop represents the culture of Black America, to rap scholar M.K. Asante it seems as though â€Å"[blacks] do not control how [this] cultural expression

Is Hiv Infection A Universally Fatal Diagnosis - 1335 Words

Shardae Murphy Mrs. Williams Advanced Writing 29 March 2017 HIV Is HIV infection a universally fatal diagnosis? â€Å"A small percentage of people with HIV infection have been observed to possess immune systems that keep the virus at bay for at least 10 years, and some for more than 35 years,† Dr. Levy writes.† (Elsevier) The diagnosis of HIV was once a death sentence, but there is no proof that survivors or people who did not get affected can live a normal, average day life without any complications. Most importantly, one can learn about ways to stop the disease and infection by closely examining and studying these people who have survived without HIV or have delayed the infection (Elsevier). It has been spreading†¦show more content†¦The disease is still spreading at a fast, uncontrollable rate (Gedatus 6). There are many ways that the disease can be contracted. HIV is not passed in the air or by touching someone because it does not survive well outside the body. People get can only get it through behaviors or activities that contain blood, semen, or vaginal secretions. Most cases are spread by sexual contact but that is not the only way the disease is acquired. It can also be spread through intravenous drug use, tattooing and body piercing, blood transfusions, and medical accidents. Pregnant women can give the virus to their babies during the virus. It can also be passed through breast milk (Gedatus 12). The disease is not really the problem; it is the obtaining and spreading of the disease. While HIV affects individuals differently, the most common effects deal with the personal, emotional, and mental state of mind. In 1992, HIV infection became the leading cause of death among young men and the third leading killer of young women (Byers 43). HIV attacks the most important cells of the immune system. They are the white blood cells, which help the body fight off infections from bacteria or viruses. Shortly after people are infected, they start to feel symptoms like swollen neck glands, night shivering and sweating, achy body, and a slight fever (Curran 38). â€Å"Babies who catch HIV from their mothers often get sick very early in their lives and usually die before their tenth birthday (CurranShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodefinciency Virus (HIV) Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Just the mere thought of finding out or the possibility of being HIV positive can make a person stress and begin to question themselves. â€Å"How do I tell my family?† â€Å"How can I build a family now?† â€Å"What will my new partner will think of me?† That is only the tip of the iceberg of the physical, mental and emotional torments of the person’s life. Where did HIV come from? Scientists believe that a type of chimpanzee in West Africa was the source of HIV infection in humans. TheyRead MoreHiv Introduction10077 Words   |  41 PagesHIV From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search AIDS virus redirects here. For the computer virus, see AIDS (computer virus). For the village, see Hiv (village). For the administrative subdivision, see Hiv Rural District. HIV Classification and external resources Diagram of HIV ICD-10 B20-B24 ICD-9 042-044 OMIM 609423 MedlinePlus 000602 eMedicine article/783434 MeSH D006678 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) thatRead MoreHiv/Aids Summary of Research Study8804 Words   |  36 PagesCHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) results in destruction of the body’s host defenses and immune system leading to the condition called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-AIDS is one of the world’s greatest public health crises. For many years, because of lack of understanding and effective treatment, it is now considered a rapidly progressing fatal disease. HIV infection in humans is considered pandemic by the World HealthRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagescondition progressed to this extent.Steps I would take to avoid intentional tort:1) Avoiding negligence and taking each condition of the patients seriously.2) Good collaboration between the workforces.3) Avoiding delay in check up, investigations and diagnosis.4) Monitoring of patient’s vital signs and recording them.5) Taking corrective measures for the patient’s condition immediately.6) Well-informed non-medical staff.(From: Geo rge Pozgar) | | | | | RE: Intentional tort | Professor Hijazi |Read MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesbefore they can utilize this treatment approach effectively in the clinical setting. To this end, the book adopts an applied science perspective that continues throughout even the practice-oriented chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the diagnosis, psychopathology, and phenomenology of OCD. Chapter 2 focuses on the most recent psychological research on the nature and persistence of obsessions, compulsions, and neutralization responses. Chapter 3 presents the behavioral theory and treatmentRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pagesenvironmental concerns are addressed) for disposal at their expense. This, the TSC felt, would be the only fair, ethical, proper, legal and desirable way of taking care of a problem, for the following reasons: * This step would be compatible with the universally accepted principle that in such cases the respon sibility for waste disposal must lie with those who generate the waste. * When Dow acquired Union Carbide, it acquired all its assets and liabilities. * Precedence exists where India has exported hazardous

Bloodlines Chapter Twenty-Five Free Essays

I HAD MOCKED KEITH when we first came to Palm Springs, teasing him for freezing up around Moroi. But as I stood there now, face-to-face with the stuff of nightmares, I knew exactly how he felt. I had no right to judge anyone for losing all rational thought when confronted with their greatest fears. We will write a custom essay sample on Bloodlines Chapter Twenty-Five or any similar topic only for you Order Now That being said, if Keith was here, I think he would’ve understood why Moroi weren’t as big a deal to me anymore. Because when compared to Strigoi? Well, suddenly the little differences between humans and Moroi became negligible. Only one difference mattered, the difference between the living and the dead. It was the line that divided us, the line that Adrian and I firmly stood together on one side of – facing those who stood on the other. I had seen Strigoi before. Back then, I hadn’t been immediately threatened by them. Plus, I’d had Rose and Dimitri on hand, ready to protect me. Now? There was no one here to save us. Just ourselves. There were only two of them, but it might as well have been two hundred. Strigoi operated at such a different level than the rest of us that it didn’t take very many of them to tip the odds. They were both women, and they looked as though they’d been in their twenties when they became Strigoi. How long ago that was, I couldn’t guess. Lee had zealously gone on and on about how being Strigoi meant you were â€Å"forever young.† Yet in looking at these two monsters, I didn’t really think of them that way. Sure, they had the superficial appearance of youth, but it was marred with evil and decay. Their skin might be wrinkle free, but it was a sickly white, far whiter than any Moroi. The red-ringed eyes that leered out at us didn’t sparkle with life and energy, but rather an unholy sort of reanimation. These people weren’t right. They weren’t natural. â€Å"Charming,† said one, her blond hair in a pixie cut. Her facial structure made me think she’d been a dhampir or human before being turned. She was eyeing us the same way I’d often seen my family’s cat watch birds. â€Å"And exactly as described.† â€Å"They’re soooo pretty,† crooned the other, a lascivious smile on her face. Her height said she had once been Moroi. â€Å"I don’t know which one I want first.† The blonde gave a warning look. â€Å"We’ll share.† â€Å"Like last time,† agreed the other, tossing a mane of curly black hair over one shoulder. â€Å"No,† said the first. â€Å"Last time you made both kills. That wasn’t sharing.† â€Å"But I let you feed from both afterward.† Before she could counter back, Lee suddenly recovered himself and staggered forward to the blond Strigoi. â€Å"Wait, wait. Dawn. You promised me. You promised you’d awaken me first before you do anything.† The two Strigoi turned their attention to Lee. I was still frozen, still unable to move or really react while being so close to these creatures of hell. But somehow, through the thick and overwhelming terror surrounding me, I still managed to feel small and unexpected pity for Lee. There was a little hate there too, of course, considering the situation. But mostly I felt terribly sorry for someone who truly believed his life was meaningless unless he sacrificed his soul for hollow immortality. Not only that, I felt sorry for him for actually thinking he could trust these creatures to give him what he wanted. Because as I studied them, it was perfectly clear to me that they were deciding whether or not to make this a three-course meal. Lee, I suspected, was the only one who didn’t realize this. â€Å"Please,† he said. â€Å"You promised. Save me. Restore me to how I was.† I also couldn’t help but notice the small red patch on his face where I’d hit him. I allowed myself to feel a bit of pride over that but wasn’t cocky enough to think I possessed any noteworthy fighting skills to battle my way out of this situation. The Strigoi were too close, and our exits were too few. â€Å"I know where more are,† he added, beginning to look uneasy that his â€Å"saviors† weren’t immediately jumping in to make his dreams come true. â€Å"One’s young – a dhampir.† â€Å"I haven’t had a dhampir in a while,† said the curly-haired Strigoi, almost wistfully. Dawn sighed. â€Å"I don’t really care, Jacqueline. If you want to awaken him, go for it. I just want these two. He doesn’t matter to me.† â€Å"I get the dhampir all to myself, then,† warned Jacqueline. â€Å"Fine, fine,† said Dawn. â€Å"Just hurry up.† Lee turned so radiant, so happy†¦ it was sickening. â€Å"Thank you,† he said. â€Å"Thank you so much! I’ve been waiting so long for this that I can’t believe it’s – ahh!† Jacqueline moved so quickly that I hardly saw it happen at all. One moment she was standing in the doorway, the next she had Lee pinned against the recliner. Lee gave out a semi-muffled scream as she bit into his neck, a scream that soon quieted. Dawn shut the door and nudged us forward. I flinched at her touch. â€Å"Well,† she said with amusement. â€Å"Let’s get a good view.† Neither Adrian nor I responded. We simply moved into the living room. I dared a glance at him but could discern little. He was so good at hiding his true feelings in general that I supposed I shouldn’t be surprised he could mask abject terror just as easily. He offered me no encouragement with either his expression or words, which I actually found kind of refreshing. Because really, I didn’t see any good end to this situation. Up close, forced to watch Jacqueline’s attack, I could now see the blissful expression that had settled over Lee’s face. It was the most awful thing I’d ever witnessed. I wanted to squeeze my eyes shut or turn away, but some force beyond me kept me staring at the grisly spectacle. I’d never seen any vampire feed, Moroi or Strigoi, but I now understood why feeders like Dorothy could so willingly sign up for their lifestyles. Endorphins were being released into Lee’s bloodstream, endorphins so strong that they blinded him to the fact that he was having his life drained away. He instead existed in a joyous state, lost in a chemical high. Or maybe he was just thinking about how happy he’d be once he was a Strigoi again, if it was possible to have any sort of conscious thought under these circumstances. I lost track of how long it took to drain Lee. Each moment was agonizing for me, as though I was taking the pain Lee should have been feeling. The process seemed to last forever, and yet there was also a weird sense of speed to it. It felt wrong that someone’s body could be drained in so short a time. Jacqueline drank steadily, pausing only once to remark, â€Å"His blood’s not as good as I expected.† â€Å"Then stop,† suggested Dawn, who was starting to look bored. â€Å"Just let him die and have these two with me.† Jacqueline looked as though she was actually considering it, again reminding me what a fool Lee had been to put his trust in these two. After a few minutes, she shrugged. â€Å"I’m almost done. And I really want him to get me that dhampir.† Jacqueline resumed drinking, but as she’d said, it didn’t take much longer. By this point, Lee was nearly as pale as the Strigoi, and there was a strange, stretched quality to his skin. He was perfectly still now. His face seemed frozen in a grin that was nearly as much shock as it was joy. Jacqueline lifted her face and wiped off her mouth, surveying her victim with pleasure. She then pushed up her shirtsleeve and rested her nails on his wrist. Before she could tear her own flesh, however, she caught sight of something. â€Å"Ah, much neater.† She stepped away and leaned down, retrieving Lee’s knife. It had slid under the love seat in our altercation. Jacqueline took it and effortlessly slashed her wrist, causing deep red blood to well out. Part of my brain didn’t think their blood should look so similar to mine. It should be black. Or acidic. She placed her bleeding wrist against Lee’s mouth and tipped Lee’s head back so that gravity could help the blood flow. Every horror I’d witnessed tonight had been worse than the last. Death was terrible – but it was also part of nature. This? This was no part of nature’s plan. I was about to witness the world’s greatest sin, the corruption of the soul through black magic to reanimate the dead. It made me feel dirty all over, and I wished I could run away. I didn’t want to see this. I didn’t want to see the guy I’d once regarded as something like a friend suddenly rise up as some perversion of nature. A touch to my hand made me jump. It was Adrian. His eyes were on Lee and Jacqueline, but his hand had caught hold of mine and squeezed it, even though he was still cuffed. I was surprised at the warmth of his skin. Even though I knew Moroi were as living and warm-blooded as me, my irrational fears always expected them to be cold. Equally surprising was the sudden comfort and connection in that touch. It wasn’t the kind of touch that said, Hey, I’ve got a plan, so hang in there because we’re going to get out of this. It was more like the kind of touch that simply said, You aren’t alone. It was really the only thing he could offer. And in that moment, it was enough. Then, something strange happened. Or rather, didn’t happen. Jacqueline’s blood was pouring steadily into Lee’s mouth, and while we didn’t have many documented cases of Strigoi conversions, I knew the basics. The victim’s blood was drained, and then the killing Strigoi fed his or her blood back into the deceased. I didn’t know exactly how long it took to work – it certainly didn’t require all of the Strigoi’s blood – but at some point, Lee should be stirring and getting up as one of the walking dead. Jacqueline’s cool, smug expression began to change to curiosity and then became outright confusion. She glanced questioningly at Dawn. â€Å"What’s taking so long?† Dawn asked. â€Å"I don’t know,† Jacqueline said, turning back to Lee. With her free hand, she nudged Lee’s shoulder as though that might serve as a wake-up call. Nothing happened. â€Å"Haven’t you done this before?† asked Dawn. â€Å"Of course,† snapped Jacqueline. â€Å"It didn’t take nearly this long. He should be up and moving around. Something’s wrong.† I remembered Lee’s words, describing how all his desperate attempts at taking innocent lives hadn’t converted him back. I only knew a little about spirit – and even less about it restoring Strigoi – but something told me there was no force on earth that would ever turn Lee Strigoi again. Another long minute passed as we watched and waited. At last, disgusted, Jacqueline backed away from the recliner and rolled up her sleeve. She glared at Lee’s motionless body. â€Å"Something’s wrong,† she repeated. â€Å"And I don’t want to waste any more blood figuring out what it is. Besides, my cut’s already healing.† I wanted nothing more than for Dawn and Jacqueline to forget I existed, but the next words slipped out of my mouth before I could stop them. The scientist in me was too caught up in a revelation. â€Å"He was restored – and it affected him permanently. The spirit magic left some kind of mark, and now he can’t be turned again.† Both Strigoi looked at me. I cringed under those red eyes. â€Å"I never believed any of those spirit stories,† said Dawn. Jacqueline, however, was still clearly puzzled by her failure. â€Å"There was something wrong with him, though. I can’t explain it†¦ but the whole time, he didn’t feel right. Didn’t taste right.† â€Å"Forget him,† said Dawn. â€Å"He had his chance. He got what he wanted, and now I’m moving on.† I saw my death in her eyes and tried to reach for my cross. â€Å"God protect me,† I said, just as she lunged forward. Against all odds, Adrian was there to stop her – or, well, try to stop her. Mostly, he just got in her way. He didn’t have the speed or reaction time to effectively block her and was especially clumsy with his cuffed hands. I think he’d just seen what I had, that she was going to attack, and had preemptively moved in front of me in some noble but ill-fated attempt at protection. And ill-fated it was. With one smooth motion, she shoved him aside in a way that looked effortless but knocked him halfway across the room. My breath caught. He hit the floor, and I started to scream. Suddenly, I felt a sharp pain against my throat. Without a pause, Dawn had promptly grabbed me and nearly lifted me off my feet to get access to my neck. I mustered another frantic prayer as that pain spread, but within seconds, both prayer and pain disappeared from my brain. They were replaced by a sweet, sweet feeling of contentment and bliss and wonder. I had no thoughts, except that I was suddenly existing in the happiest, most exquisite state imaginable. I wanted more. More, more, more. I wanted to drown in it, to forget myself, to forget everything around me – â€Å"Ugh,† I cried out as I suddenly and unexpectedly hit the floor. Still in that blissful haze, I felt no pain – yet. Just as quickly as she’d grabbed me, Dawn had dropped and pushed me away. Instinctively, I reached out an arm to break my fall but failed. I was too weak and disoriented and sprawled ungracefully on the carpet. Dawn’s fingers were touching her lips, a look of outrage twisting her already-horrific features. â€Å"What,† she demanded, â€Å"was that?† My brain wasn’t working properly yet. I’d only had a brief taste of endorphin, but it was still enough to leave me addled. I had no answer for her. â€Å"What’s wrong?† exclaimed Jacqueline, striding forward. She looked from me to Dawn in confusion. Dawn scowled and then spit onto the floor. It was red from my blood. Disgusting. â€Å"Her blood†¦ it was terrible. Inedible. Foul.† She spit again. Jacqueline’s eyes widened. â€Å"Just like the other one. See? I told you.† â€Å"No.† Dawn shook her head. â€Å"There’s no way it could be the same. You would never have been able to drink that much of her.† She spit again. â€Å"It didn’t just taste weird or bad†¦ it was like it’s tainted.† Seeing Jacqueline’s skeptical look, Dawn punched her on the arm. â€Å"Don’t believe me? Try her yourself.† Jacqueline took a step toward me, hesitant. Then Dawn spit again, and I think that somehow convinced the other Strigoi that she wanted no part of me. â€Å"I don’t want another mediocre meal. Damn it. This is becoming absurd.† Jacqueline glanced at Adrian, who was standing perfectly still. â€Å"At least we’ve still got him.† â€Å"If he’s not ruined too,† Dawn muttered. My senses were coming back to me, and for half a second, I wondered if there was some insane way we might survive this. Maybe the Strigoi would write us off as bad meals. But no. Even as I allowed myself to hope that, I also knew that even if they didn’t feed off of us, we weren’t going to leave here alive. They had no reason to simply walk off. They’d kill us for sport before they left. With that same remarkable speed, Jacqueline sprang toward Adrian. â€Å"Time to find out.† I screamed as Jacqueline pinned Adrian against the wall and bit his neck. She only did so for a few seconds, just to get a taste. Jacqueline lifted her head up, pausing and savoring the blood. A slow smile spread over her face, showing her bloody fangs. â€Å"This one’s good. Very good. Makes up for the other.† She trailed her fingers down his cheek. â€Å"Such a shame, though. He’s so cute.† Dawn stalked toward them. â€Å"Let me try before you take it all!† Jacqueline ignored her and was leaning back toward Adrian, who had gone all glassy-eyed. Meanwhile, I was free enough of the endorphins that I was thinking clearly again. No one was paying attention to me. I tried to stand and felt the world sway. Staying low, I managed to crawl toward my purse, lying forgotten near the living room’s edge. Jacqueline had drunk from Adrian again, but only briefly before Dawn pulled her away and demanded a turn so that she could wash the taste of my blood out of her mouth. Startling myself with how fast I moved, I rustled through my cavernous purse, looking desperately for anything that might help. Some cold, logical part of me said there was no way we could get out of this, but there was also no way I could just sit there and watch them drain Adrian. I had to fight. I had to try to save him, just as he’d tried for me. It didn’t matter if the effort failed or if I died. Somehow, I had to try. Some Alchemists carried guns, but not me. My purse was huge, full of more stuff than I really needed, but nothing in the contents resembled a weapon. Even if it did, most weapons were futile against Strigoi. A gun would slow them down but not kill them. Only silver stakes, decapitation, and fire could kill a Strigoi. Fire†¦ My hand closed around the amulet I’d made for Ms. Terwilliger. I’d shoved it in my purse when she gave it to me, unsure what I should do with it. I could only assume blood loss and scattered thoughts made me draw it out now and consider the possibility of using it. Even the idea was ridiculous. You couldn’t use something that didn’t work! It was a trinket, a worthless bag of rocks and leaves. There was no magic here, and I was a fool to even think along those lines. And yet, it was a bag of rocks. Not a heavy one, but surely enough to get someone’s attention if it hit her in the head. It was the best I had. The only thing I had to slow Adrian’s death. Drawing back my arm, I aimed at Dawn and threw, reciting the foolish incantation like a battle cry: â€Å"Into flame, into flame!† It was a good shot. Miss Carson would have been proud. But I had no chance to admire my athletic skills because I was too distracted by the fact that Dawn had caught on fire. My jaw dropped as I stared at the impossible. It wasn’t a huge fire. It wasn’t like her entire body was engulfed in flames. But where the amulet had struck her, a small blaze ignited, spreading rapidly through her hair. She screamed and began frantically patting her head. Strigoi feared fire, and for a moment, Jacqueline recoiled. Then, with grim determination, she released Adrian and grabbed a throw blanket. She wrapped it around Dawn’s head, smothering the flames. â€Å"What the hell?† Dawn demanded when she emerged. She immediately began charging toward me in her anger. I knew then the only thing I’d accomplished was to speed up my own death. Dawn grabbed ahold of me and slammed my head against the wall. My world reeled, and I felt nauseous. She reached for me again but froze when the door suddenly burst open. Eddie appeared in the doorway, a silver stake in his hand. What was truly amazing about what followed was the speed. There was no pausing, no long moments to assess the situation, and no snarky banter between combatants. Eddie simply charged in and went for Jacqueline. Jacqueline responded with equal quickness, rushing forward to meet her one worthy foe here. After she’d released him, Adrian had slumped to the floor, still in the throes of the Strigoi endorphins. Keeping low to the ground, I scurried over to his side and helped drag him back to the â€Å"safety† of the far side of the living room while Eddie clashed with the Strigoi. I spared them only a moment’s glance, just enough to take in the deadly dancelike nature of their maneuvering. Both Strigoi were trying to get a grip on Eddie, probably in the hopes of breaking his neck, but were careful to stay away from the bite of his silver stake. I looked down at Adrian, who was dangerously pale and whose pupils had reduced to the size of pinpoints. I had only a sketchy impression of how much Jacqueline had drunk from him and didn’t know if Adrian’s state was more from blood loss or endorphins. â€Å"I’m fine, Sage,† he muttered, blinking as though the light hurt. â€Å"Quite the high, though. Makes the stuff I’ve used seem pretty soft-core.† He blinked, as though fighting to wake up. His pupils dilated to a more normal size and then seemed to focus on me. â€Å"Good God. Are you okay?† â€Å"I will be,† I said, starting to stand. Yet even as I spoke, a wave of dizziness hit me, and I swayed. Adrian did his best to support me, though it was pretty awkward with his bound hands. We leaned against each other, and I almost laughed at how ridiculous the situation was, both of us trying to help the other when neither of us was in any condition to do it. Then something caught my eye that chased all other thoughts away. â€Å"Jill,† I whispered. Adrian immediately followed my gaze to where Jill had just appeared in the living room’s entry. I wasn’t surprised to see her. The only way Eddie could be here was if Jill had told him what was happening to Adrian through the spirit bond. Standing there, with her eyes flashing, she looked like some fierce, battle-ready goddess as she watched Eddie spar with the Strigoi. It was both inspiring and frightening. Adrian shared my thoughts. â€Å"No, no, Jailbait,† he murmured. â€Å"Do not do anything stupid. Castile needs to handle this.† â€Å"She knows how to fight,† I said. Adrian frowned. â€Å"But she doesn’t have a weapon. Without one, she’s just a featherweight in this.† He was right, of course. And while I certainly didn’t want Jill endangering her life, I couldn’t help but think if she were properly equipped, she might be able to do something. At the very least, a distraction might be a benefit. Eddie was holding his ground all right against the two Strigoi, but he wasn’t making any progress against them either. He could use help. And we needed to make sure Jill didn’t rush into this with only her wits to defend her. Inspiration hit me, and I managed to stay on my feet. The world was spinning even more than before, but – despite Adrian’s protests – I managed to stagger to the kitchen. I just barely was able to get to the sink and flip the faucet on before my legs gave out underneath me. I caught hold of the counter’s edge, using it to keep me upright. â€Å"Jill!† I yelled. She turned toward my shout, saw the running water, and instantly knew what to do. She lifted her hand. The stream coming from the faucet suddenly shifted, shooting out of the sink and across the living room. It went to Jill, who collected a large amount of it between her hands and magically forced the water into a long cylindrical shape. It held itself in the air like that, a rippling but seemingly solid club of water. Gripping it, she hurried toward the fight and swung her weapon of water into Jacqueline’s back. Drops flew off of the â€Å"club,† but it held on to its rigidity enough for her to get a second hit in before completely exploding into a spray of water. Jacqueline spun around, her hand swinging out to strike Jill. Jill had expected as much and dropped to the floor, dodging in exactly the way I’d seen Eddie teach her. She scurried backward, out of Jacqueline’s way, and the Strigoi pursued – giving Eddie an exposed shot on her back. Eddie took the opportunity, evading Dawn, and plunged his stake into Jacqueline’s back. I’d never given it much thought before, but if shoved hard enough, a stake could pierce someone’s heart just as easily from the back as the chest. Jacqueline went rigid, and Eddie jerked his stake out, just managing to avoid the full force of a strike from Dawn. She still caught him a little, and he stumbled briefly before quickly regaining his footing and setting his sights on her. Jill was forgotten and hurried over to us in the kitchen. â€Å"Are you okay?† she exclaimed, peering at both of us. That fierce look was gone. She was now just an ordinary girl concerned for her friends. â€Å"Oh my God. I was so worried about you both. The emotions were so strong. I couldn’t get a fix on what was happening, just that something was horribly wrong.† I dragged my gaze to Eddie, who was dancing around with Dawn. â€Å"We have to help him – â€Å" I took two steps away from the counter and started to fall. Both Jill and Adrian reached out to catch me. â€Å"Jesus, Sage,† he exclaimed. â€Å"You’re in bad shape.† â€Å"Not as bad as you,† I protested, still worried about helping Eddie. â€Å"They drank more from you – â€Å" â€Å"Yeah, but I don’t have a bleeding arm wound,† he pointed out. â€Å"Or a possible concussion.† It was true. In all the excitement, I was so full of adrenaline that I’d all but forgotten about where Lee had stabbed me. No wonder I was so dizzy. Or maybe that was from getting my head smacked into the wall. It was anyone’s guess at this point. â€Å"Here,† said Adrian gently. He reached for my arms with his cuffed hands. â€Å"I can take care of this.† A slow, tingling warmth spread through my skin. At first, Adrian’s touch was comforting, like an embrace. I felt my tension and pain begin to ease. All was right in the world. He was in control. He was taking care of me. He was using his magic on me. â€Å"No!† I shrieked, pulling away from him with a strength I didn’t know I had. The horror and full realization of what was happening to me was too powerful. â€Å"Don’t touch me! Don’t touch me with your magic!† â€Å"Sage, you’ll feel better, believe me,† he said, reaching toward me again. I backed away, clinging to the edge of the counter for support. The fleeting memory of that warmth and comfort was being dwarfed by the terror I’d carried my entire life for vampire magic. â€Å"No, no, no. No magic! Not on me! The tattoo will heal me! I’m strong!† â€Å"Sage – â€Å" â€Å"Stop, Adrian,† said Jill. She approached me tentatively. â€Å"It’s okay, Sydney. He won’t heal you. I promise.† â€Å"No magic,† I whispered. â€Å"For God’s sake,† growled Adrian. â€Å"This is superstitious bullshit.† â€Å"No magic,† Jill said firmly. She took off the button-up shirt she’d been wearing over a T-shirt. â€Å"Come here, and I’ll use this to wrap it so that you don’t lose any more bl – â€Å" An earsplitting shriek jerked us all back toward the living room. Eddie had made his kill, driving his stake right into the middle of Dawn’s chest. In my brief scuffle with Adrian and Jill, Dawn must have gotten some shots in on Eddie because there was a large red mark on one side of his face, and his lip was bleeding. The expression in his eyes was hard and triumphant, however, as he pulled the stake out and watched Dawn fall. Through all the confusion and horror, basic Alchemist instincts took over. The danger was gone. There were procedures that needed to be followed. â€Å"The bodies,† I said. â€Å"We have to destroy them. There’s a vial in my purse.† â€Å"Whoa, whoa,† said Adrian as both he and Jill restrained me. â€Å"Stay where you’re at. Castile can get it. The only place you’re going is to a doctor.† I didn’t move but immediately argued with that last statement. â€Å"No! No doctors. At least, you have to – you have to get an Alchemist one. My purse has the numbers – â€Å" â€Å"Go get her purse,† Adrian told Jill, â€Å"before she has a fit here. I’ll bind the arm.† I gave him a warning look. â€Å"Without magic. Which, by the way, could make this ten times easier.† â€Å"I’ll heal on my own,† I said, watching as Jill retrieved my purse. â€Å"You realize,† added Adrian, â€Å"you’re going to have to get over your dieting fixation and consume some major calories to fight the blood loss. Sugar and fluids, just like Clarence. Good thing someone bagged up all this candy on the counter.† Eddie walked over to Jill, and she paused as he asked if she was okay. She assured him she was, and although Eddie looked like he could kill about fifty more Strigoi, there was also a look in his eyes†¦ something I couldn’t believe I’d never noticed before. Something I was going to have to think about. â€Å"Damn it,† said Adrian, fumbling with bandages. â€Å"Eddie, go search Lee’s body and see if there’s a key for these goddamned handcuffs.† Jill had been caught up in talking to Eddie but froze at the words â€Å"Lee’s body.† Her face went so pale, she could have been one of the dead. In all the confusion, she hadn’t noticed Lee’s body in the chair. There’d been too much movement with the Strigoi, too much distraction by the threat they presented. She took a few steps toward the living room, and that’s when she saw him. Her mouth opened, but no sound came out right away. Then she sped forward and grabbed his hands, shrieking. â€Å"No,† she cried. â€Å"No, no, no.† She shook him, as though that would wake him. In a flash, Eddie was by her side, his arms around her as he murmured nonsensical things to soothe her. She didn’t hear him. Her whole world was Lee. I felt tears spring to my eyes and hated that they were there. Lee had tried to kill me and then had summoned others to kill me. He’d left a trail of innocents in his wake. I should be glad he was gone, but still, I felt sad. He had loved Jill, in his insane way, and from the pain on her face, it was clear she’d loved him too. The spirit bond hadn’t shown her his death or role in our capture. Right now, she simply thought he was a victim of Strigoi. Soon enough, she’d learn the truth about his motives. I didn’t know if that would ease her pain or not. I was guessing not. Weirdly, an image of Adrian’s Love painting came back to me. I thought of the jagged red streak, slashing through the blackness, ripping it apart. Staring at Jill and her inconsolable pain, I suddenly understood his art a little bit better. How to cite Bloodlines Chapter Twenty-Five, Essay examples

Marketing Concepts Terminology - Segmentation - Targeting & Positioning

Questions: 1: Understand marketing terminology and marketing concepts and appreciate the practices, principles, problems and problem solving approaches in marketing and marketing management including the ethical and social responsibility dimensions in marketing. 2: Understand the relationships between the elements of the marketing mix in different business and environmental contexts including consumer buyer behaviour. 3: Demonstrate skills in evaluating marketing problems, concepts and opportunities, and strategy and proposing solutions to marketing tasks. Answers: Introduction The study focuses on studying the buying process and STP of the company. The company chosen is Honda and STP is done for its two product categories. Honda has several manufacturing factories which deal with various car assembly operations. Products that we have considered in Cars category: Honda Jazz Honda CR-V (Honda Team, 2016) Consumer Buying Process The consumer has to undergo a buying decision process while buying a product. It undergoes a thorough cost-benefit analysis. The consumer buying process involves six steps which a marketer uses to their advantage. The six steps are explained as under: Problem Recognition The customer before purchasing any product has a reason to buy what they want. The desire of the customer at times is different what from the actual reality is, this constitutes the problem for a consumer In our case, the buyer will first identify his need requirement. The customer of Honda Jazz segment has a need to buy a car which is economical and the customer of the CR-Vs main requirement or focus is to buy a car with more features. (Jones, 2014) Information Search After the recognition of the problem the next step is to search for the solution, i.e. digging out the information available on the product of their choice. Evaluation of Alternatives Once the customer gathers all the information, the next step is comparing all the options available at hand to make sure that the decision taken is accurate. Customer of today does thorough research while buying products. The customer who will buy any car will research about its competitors. He will discuss with the present customers before making a buying decision. For example, a customer can also think of buying a FORD car in the similar segment instead of a HONDA car. Purchase Decision The purchase decision is not the final step, but is the mid step in the buying process. During this step, the consumer has many options in hand and has done the market survey of the pricing. The consumer at this point decides and considers should the purchase decision be taken or not. Purchase At this stage, the need of the product is there and complete research of the same is done. The decision of the customer to purchase a product is also made. All the steps taken to purchase a product are taken, but still the surety to buy a product is yet not confirmed. The customer can still change his mind to buy or not buy a particular product. Marketing of the product needs to be done equally at this stage also. Post-Purchase Evaluation The process does not end when the product is purchased. The customer loyalty is an important factor every marketer desires for. After the purchase, the consumer weighs the satisfaction he has of the decision taken. They evaluate their decision of purchasing the product. Segmentation, Targeting Positioning STP is an important and most common model applied by Marketers today. It is applied while preparing communication strategies. It aids in prioritizing the marketing scheme and developing and conveying tailor made and pertinent communication to connect with diverse audiences. STP is an audience centric approach and not product centric approach because of which pertinent messages are delivered to commercially engaging customers. (Perner, 2010) Below mentioned is the diagram that explains the concept. Segmentation Segmentation is exploring the needs of the different customers. For example, in the automobile sector some customers main requirements are speed and performance and some others look for space and safety. Segmentation is done while considering the following factors: 1. Demographics It combines any of the factors like Age Gender Income Education Ethnicity Marital status Education Profession An example to explain demographics is of the company Firefox selling the coolest things whose target is a young male category of customers. Another example is about Moshi Monsters which target parent looking for enjoyable, secure and learning space for their children 2. Psycho-graphics It involves qualities and feelings which are associated with behavior and are related to purchase choices which includes outlook, way of life, pastime, risk aversion, individuality and leadership traits. An example of this can be, is Virgin Holidays where segmentation of holidays is done in 6 groups. 3. Lifestyle This refers to leisure pursuit, fun pursuits, activity, holiday, and other non-work instance quest. Companies like on and off-line magazine targets customers with precise hobbies. 5. Life Stages Life Stages is the sequence and ideal stagesof audiences life at different phases. For example Saga holidays target is people above the age of 50. 6. Geography It is the breakdown of the audiences by nation, state, area, city, populace concentration and type of weather. 7. Behavior Behavior is associated with the characteristic of the purchase, brand name and its trustworthiness, its usage, benefits required, delivery channels utilized, response to marketing strategies In some cases, for example the benefits required are the urgency of a product, i.e. when and how early, the product can be delivered. This segment is known as planned in advance segment, as it involves the final minute segment. Example for this factor is Parcelmonkey.co.uk, the company provides on the same day or the following day. 8. Benefit It is the utilization and contentment that are achieved by the customer. For example, SmythsonStationary provides alike commodities to the stationary companies, still their consumers required the signature packing tissue-lined Nile blue boxes which tied with blue color ribbon. Market targeting The inventory stated below, refers to the requirement to appraise the probable and profitable attractiveness of all segments. Criterion Size:The market has to be big so that the segmentation is justified, in case the market is small the segmentation will be smaller Difference:There has to be huge differences in the segments. Money:predictable income should surpass the expenses of extra advertising tactics and other plans. Reachable:Every segment should be reachable and the segment should get all the marketing messages. (Hanlon, 2013) Positioning The Positioningmeans putting into practicewhat is targeted. This is the final step where the task is to recognize how to position the product to reach the targeted audience. After this the marketing mix will be selected as per the customer segment. In order to position the product in the best way it is important to reflect the reason why customers would purchase our product and not of the competitors. This can be done by recognizing the unique selling proposition. Segmentation of UK Economy Age structure 0-15 years:17.3% (male 5, 660, 8910/female 5,380,449) 15-25 years:12.6% (male 4,116,858/female 3,945,148) 25-55 years:41% (male 13,299,733/female 12,843,938) 55-65 years:11.5% (male 3,621,117/female 3,702,718) 65 years and over:17.5% (male 4,990,027/female 6,182,115) (2014 est.) Income of UK The income of the people of the UK is explained below: The earnings of the mean household are26,000 per annum. The average net household income is 38,547. Median hourly earnings for men is 12.50, and 10.91 for women. (2008) In 2010, the median wage in the UK for all jobs was20,801 (Business studies Team, 2014) (Gallina, 2013) Major cities population LONDON (capital) 9.005 million; Birmingham 2.272 million; Manchester 2.213 million; West Yorkshire 1.625 million; Glasgow 1.137 million; Newcastle upon Tyne 874,000 (2011) (Fairtrade Team, 2015) Lifestyle in UK: Work is five days a week and Saturdays are devoted to shopping. The marriage rate is at its lowest On weekends people like to enjoy in pubs and bars, it is also a well enjoyed option with foreign students. (English UK Limited, 2016) There is a multicultural society and the people are very welcoming to the visitors. STP Model of Honda Jazz Segmentation Segmentation of Honda Jazz has been done on the basis of Age criteria, Population of major cities, Income and the lifestyle of people. Targeting Honda Jazz targets the age group of - 25-54 years, the group comprises about 42% (male 13,299,735/female 12,843,937) The product caters to big Cities like London, Manchester, Birmingham which is thickly populated. (HONDA UK Team, 2016) Honda Jazz targets of the Income Group of people with less than 30,000 as this category demands following things which are present in Honda Jazz Reliability Reliability is a real strong point of the Honda Jazz. It has time and again done well in client contentment surveys. It has also performed well in Warranty Directs reliability index. Fuel Economy Fuel economy is 56.5mpg as per official EU fuel tests. These results are in combination with a manual gearbox. - Affordability Honda as a company never provides big discounts, but our product the Jazz is priced in per their competitors such as the Citroen C3 Picasso and Nissan Note. The finance rates for the product are very competitive. People in UK socialize and mingle with their family and friends therefore they need a family car. Honda Jazz has a good seating capacity for four big adults. It can accommodate 5 adults as well. The car has large doors and seats are very comfortable and positioned well. The product is economical for women who work, it is also easy to drive. (Darmadi, 2014) Positioning In order to position Honda Jazz in the minds of the audience the company has planned an advertisement for the launch of the new Jazz The advertisement has the idea of the customer looking for the whole lot in the creation, or a 'fully-loaded' creation. The advertisement focuses on all individual professionals like a musician, athlete, a cook, writer all who desire everything. At the end of the advertisement there is a voice which says, for everyone who desire everything, the all new Honda Jazz is coming. It doesnt have a single thing, but everything. STP Model of Honda CR-V Segmentation has been done on the basis of Age criteria, Population of major cities, Income and the lifestyle of people. The segment of this product is upper class. This class is defined both by their education and hobbies Targeting Honda CR-V focuses on age criteria - 25-54 years, which consists of 41% (male 13,299,731/female 12,843,937) Cities like London, Manchester, Birmingham which is densely populated Honda CR-V targets of Income Group above 30,000 as this category demands following things which are present in Honda CR-V: More Spacious Honda CR-V is a spacious family car. Three people can manage to sit comfortably, with adequate luggage space. This is fully family sized car with fordable seats comfortable for children. More Safety Upper Class likes more safety and are willing to pay for the same. Honda CR-V comes with more safety features airbags, and systems to prevent wheel roll and skidding on the greasy surfaces. The CR-V was presented five stars out of five by crash test organization Euro NCAP. More Features Upper Class desires for extra features like satellite-navigation and a Bluetooth hands-free link, leather trim, electric seat adjustment, a digital radio, keyless entry and start, comfortable journey control on high speed. (KRISTIANTIE, 2010) Positioning The tag line Advanced Slick Stylish signifies itself as to send the message to its target audience who are high income class group and pay more for features and style. Keep on going The road to better never ends, an advertisement campaign describes that the car is more efficient and comfortable during long journeys. Conclusion The concept of buying process and STP of Honda Jazz and Honda CRV is discussed. The buying process involves Problem recognition, Information Search, Evaluation of Research, Purchase decision, Purchase and post purchase evaluation. The Segmentation of Honda Jazz has been done on the basis of Age criteria, Population of major cities, Income and the lifestyle of people. Honda Jazz targets of the Income Group of people with less than 30,000. In order to position Honda Jazz in the minds of the audience the company has planned an advertisement for the launch of the new Jazz. The segment of this Honda CRV is upper class. Honda CR-V targets of Income Group above 30,000. The tag line Advanced Slick Stylish signifies to send the message to its target audience who are high income class group and pay more for features and style. Bibliography Business studies Team, 2014. Market Segmentation. [Online] Available at: https://www.businessstudiesonline.co.uk/AsA2BusinessStudies/TheoryNotes/2874/PDF%20Non%20Print/02%20Market%20Planning.pdf?bcsi_scan_8d5e706812dbbfea=0bcsi_scan_filename=02%20Market%20Planning.pdf Darmadi, E., 2014. Honda Marketing. [Online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/limeka/honda-group-assignment English UK Limited, 2016. Life in the UK. [Online] Available at: https://www.englishuk.com/en/agents/english-in-the-uk/life-in-the-uk Fairtrade Team, 2015. THE RESPONSIBLE TRAVELLER: A UK MARKET SEGMENTATION, s.l.: s.n. Gallina, E., 2013. Segmentation: The age of premium and economy brands. Segmentation, 22 October. Hanlon, A., 2013. How to use Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) to develop marketing strategies. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning, 17 December. Honda Team, 2016. honda official website. [Online] Available at: https://www.honda.co.uk/cars.html HONDA UK Team, 2016. Advanced, stick and stylish. [Online] Available at: https://www.honda.co.uk/cars/new/crv-2015/overview.html Jones, S., 2014. The six Stages of the consumer process and how to market to them. The six Stages of the consumer process , 18 march. Kristiantie, r. E., 2010. case study: the low sales of toyota yaris compared with all new honda jazz in 4x2 mini medium car segmentation, s.l.: s.n. Perner, L., 2010. Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning.

Marvin Hugley Jr. Essays - Literature, Poetry, Metaphysical Poetry

Marvin Hugley Jr. Tim Welch English 102 March 5, 2017 Marvin's View Of The Flea "The Flea", a witty poem of seduction and conceit, taken from John Donne's "Songs and Sonnets" is the poem that I have chosen to compare to "Song", another poem of John Donne's where he is passionately pleading with his wife not to be disheartened about his departureabroad. Both poems which belong to " Songs and Sonnets", written around the time of the 16th century, show that their title suggests they are both short poems, following the traditional form of a sonnet, consisting of fourteen lines. However, they are not "songs" in the conventional sense we think of and none of them are written as a sonnet. In fact, Donne's poems were intended for circulation around his local pub, "Lincoln's Inn", where he could impress his male friends with hisbawdy poetic nature. "The Flea", emphatically rejects the Petrarchan tradition of love poetry, where the woman is a goddess, an object of desire worth worshipping by a man. Instead, Donne wrote poems that saw the earthy reality of sexual relations between a man and woman. The poem, whose historical convention probably started with Ovid, shows that it was common in Elizabethan times to envy a flea for its access to the female body. Donne throughout the poem makes references to the flea, presenting a conceit produced of wit, integrity and persuasion. The title, which presents the conceit, is in fact the structure of the poem, the entire poem depends on this conceit. At first, this is a puzzling image to the reader, it seems bizarre and inappropriate. However, as the poem continues, Donne's argument does also, and we seehow reality is conveyed by the vivid imagery of the flea. Donne uses a three-part syllogism in this poem which he delivers in a matter-of-fact- tone: "It sucked me first, and now sucks thee / And in this flea, our two bloods mingled be" Here Donne shows manipulation towards the woman. He reveals an attitude that is persuasive, but manipulative by saying that since they are one in the flea, they should make love anyway, seeing as they are already joined. I question whether this is love, or lust? Donne presses on with his argument, he develops a series of persuasions to attempt his mistress into bed with him: "How little that thou deny'st me is." Here, Donne is again being manipulative; he is scornful and is appealing to her to see how desperate he is for her to agree. Byusing a triple structure, he is appealing to her knowledge and is showing emphasis: "Thou know'st that this cannot be said / A sinne, nor shame, nor loss of maiden head" Here Donne has asked his mistress not to kill the flea, cleverly revealing that it would be suicide since both her and Donne are joined as one in this flea. He uses a hyperbole, the deliberate exaggeration of saying this would be a murder, thus creates effect. He uses emotional blackmail and accusatory towards his mistress. However, the argument is turned around, when she retorts that neither of them areworse off in this act, to which he proceeds a mock concession, pretending to give into her point. The final few lines of the final stanza show a reversal. Donne agrees with his mistress' argument, he can see how she would be right when she claims that killing a flea is so unimportant. However, there is a clever finish to Donne's argument, and one that reveals a lot about his attitude to love andwomen. He shows impudence and confidence when he says that no harm has been done, equally there would there be no harm done if they were to make love. This shows how he thinks the act of love is so little, he is comparing it to the killing of a flea, a creature so small. Donne reveals his attitude to women throughout this whole poem. Is this a poem of love, seduction or lust? It is indeed genuinely persuasive and a poem that certainly carries an intellectual argument throughout, but is the poem a compliment to the women, or a means of satisfying the male desire resulting in it being highly offensive to feminists. It

Herman Hollerith, the Inventor of Computer Punch Cards

Herman Hollerith, the Inventor of Computer Punch Cards A  punch card  is a piece of  stiff paper  that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. The information might be data for data processing applications or, as in earlier times, used to directly control  automated machinery. The terms  IBM card, or  Hollerith card,  specifically refer to punch cards used in semiautomatic data processing. Punch cards were widely used through much of the 20th century in what became known as the data processing industry, where specialized and increasingly complex  unit record machines, organized into  data processing systems, used punched cards for data input, output, and storage.  Many early  digital computers  used punched cards, often prepared using  keypunch  machines, as the primary medium for input of both  computer programs  and  data. Punched cards are now obsolete as a  recording medium, as the last election in which they were used was the 2014 midterms, according to the Pew Research Center. Semen Korsakov  was the first to use punch cards in informatics for information store and search. Korsakov announced his new method and machines in September 1832; rather than seeking patents, he offered the machines for public use. Herman Hollerith In 1881, Herman Hollerith began designing a machine to tabulate census data more efficiently than by traditional hand methods. The U.S. Census Bureau had taken eight years to complete the 1880 census, and it was feared that the 1890 census would take even longer. Hollerith invented and used a punched card device to help analyze the 1890 U.S. census data. His great breakthrough was his use of electricity to read, count and sort punched cards whose holes represented data gathered by the census-takers. His machines were used for the 1890 census and accomplished in one year what would have taken nearly 10 years of hand tabulating. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company to sell his invention, the Company became part of  IBM  in 1924. Hollerith first got his idea for the punch-card tabulation machine from watching a train conductor punch tickets. For his tabulation machine, he used the punch card invented in the early 1800s, by a French silk weaver called  Joseph-Marie Jacquard. Jacquard invented a way of automatically controlling the warp and weft threads on a silk loom by recording patterns of holes in a string of cards. Holleriths punch cards and tabulating machines were a step toward automated computation. His device could automatically read information which had been punched onto a card. He got the idea and then saw Jacquards punchcard. Punch card technology was used in computers up until the late 1970s. Computer punched cards were read electronically, the cards moved between brass rods, and the holes in the cards created an electric current where the rods would touch. What Is a Chad? A chad is a small piece of paper or cardboard produced in punching paper tape or data cards; also can be called a piece of chad. The term originated in 1947 and is of unknown origin. In laymens terms, chad is the punched out parts of the card - the holes.

Management and Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and Motivation - Essay Example A. As the workplace structure and workers themselves change, management faces the problem of how to motivate employees (Gerstner, 2002). Gerstner (2002) poses the questions of "How do you pull the levers of motivation to change the attitudes, behavior, and thinking of a population Different people are motivated by different things that may include money, career advancement, and recognition" (Gerstner, 2002). Effectively changing the attitudes, behavior, and thinking of workers demands that a manager knows what levers of motivation to pull in the first place. B. A global executive should provide leadership and direction to management levels according to business goals, mission, and vision. Global leaders and executives have certain characteristics and skills in order to succeed in the globalize world of business (Gregersen, Morrison, & Black, 1998). C. Knowing how to motivate well will enable managers to realize the full potential of each employee. Much literature about theories of motivation and work relate to the subject of inspiring employees to be their best (Gagne & Deci, 2005). D. This report will discuss motivation and how managers can use it for a better, more profitable, efficient workplace. This report will also explore the different theories, concepts, and practices managers can use to motivate employees. E. ... Much literature about theories of motivation and work relate to the subject of inspiring employees to be their best (Gagne & Deci, 2005). D. This report will discuss motivation and how managers can use it for a better, more profitable, efficient workplace. This report will also explore the different theories, concepts, and practices managers can use to motivate employees. E. A leader is a visionary who has the end goal in mind and can see the big picture. A leader is a motivator of his/her followers. There are a variety of leadership styles a leader may holds; what separate a leader from the rest are the traits they posses to succeed and the various background assumptions held true by the . Some of these traits may include intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability (Cox, 2001). F. Executives are motivated by the goal and fits in the business component. S/he reacts rationally to external conditions and develops new ideas. This person holds superior information in regards to customer needs and company resources. A leader can visualize change and progress as well as the creation process. These leaders have certain characteristics such as creativity, innovativeness, and flexibility, posses certain leadership characteristics as high ethical standards, energy, prioritization skills, commitment, dedication, goal orientation, empathetic, and extroverted. Leaders adapt leadership styles accordingly in order to better create and develop new ideas or reform existing ones (Northouse, 2004). G. A manager's job is to get things done through employees, so knowing how to motivate employees is always a challenge that has never been easy and is not getting

Amadeus the Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Amadeus the Film - Movie Review Example The atrocities of the royal couple in France are well - known. Marie apparently influenced Joseph to keep a strict control on any art and culture developments in Austria, which might turn subversive. These facts seep casually into the narrative through Joseph II's dialogues. An otherwise liberal man, Joseph had an Italian triumvirate to advise him on 'proper' entertainment. Salieri was part of this trio. The handful of musicians and artists who enjoyed royal patronage stayed on the right side of royalty and composed pieces in Italian that very few understood, eschewed ballet as debauched and favored themes that would offend no one and cause no one to think. The film shows this beautifully, through skillfully chosen characters, their pompous stance and carefully cultivated expressions. It was in this atmosphere that Wolfgang arrived in Vienna, freshly banished by the Archbishop at Salzburg. Unrepentant and arrogant, he did not believe he had any rivals. He was simply the best while others composed rubbish. Mozart is the polar opposite of a serious composer. The audacious Amadeus and his artless wife giggled their way through mindless entertainment, were very bad debtors and yet had a strange dignity about them; there was self belief and belief in each other. Constanza took in her stride her husband's lack of practical sense, gently coaxed and cajoled him into doing things to earn money, was ready to trade her body for a night to buy him a tutorship to royalty, but was impractical enough to estrange a concerned and well-heeled father in law. Of course, the movie has taken liberties with facts, for instance, Mozart's sister Nannerl, who was actually quite an influence on him is completely done away with, as are the many children that Mozart and Constanza had. Retain ing them in the story would have underscored the pathos of his isolation and gradual slide into drunken desperation. However, none of this prevents him from composing brilliantly. One of his first commissions was to write the score for an opera - a Turkish folk story set in a harem (Mozart's choice of subject) in German (the emperor's choice of language). The turca-allegro form uses sopranos for the fun element and a heavily textured orchestra. This was the first of many deviations that Mozart would insist on. The film, which opens with one of his famous tutti with a signature tremolo and a heavy orchestra scores, is peppered with snatches of his work -the conventional chamber music to entertain the royal family, writing Masses and so on. They are rightly not mentioned prominently because of their huge numbers; but they are representative of Mozart's style of playing upon a single note or phrase before launching into symphony. The movie gives music lovers and aficionados a delicious slice of the music of the classical era through Mozart's pieces. Both the sonata allegro and the sonata rondo are in evidence. The Marriage of Figaro is trademark Mozart - rich in notes, too much for the untutored Viennese public to take. The emperor famously remarked that it had too many notes to which Mozart had made the equally famous reply that it had not one note too many and had gone on to audaciously ask -which would you have me remove, superbly establishing himself as the master of his craft . Figaro, with it risqu Italian intrigue was originally rejected as subject (apparently it had caused unrest against the royalty in France) but later allowed. The same fate met the ballet in the marriage

Assignment and presentation A1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

And presentation A1 - Assignment Example Coca-Cola possesses the best known brand globally whilst PepsiCo possess massive brand-name reorganization but is more diversified than corresponding Coca-Cola. From the year 2009 to the year 2013, PepsiCo accomplished slightly better growth rate in terms of sales and net profit whilst Coca-Cola have maintained better profit margin with relatively lower cost of sales. Moreover, PepsiCo’s posed relatively lower short-term solvency risk to its underlying investors compared to the Coca-Cola. Both the companies exhibited low long-term solvency risk with PepsiCo’s risk being slightly upper than Coca-Cola’s. Both the companies experienced an identical level of investors’ confidence and stock pricing. The companies’ stocks are mainly dividend generating stocks. Nevertheless, Coca-Cola had relatively dividend yield and corresponding dividend payout rate. Coca-Cola’s bigger profit margin and dividends are probably very attractive to a potential investor bur PepsiCo’s development potentials, business diversification, low short-term liquidity risk, low long-term solvency risk, better return on investment and effective asset utilization definitely make the company’s stock a better venture

Relationship atmosphere in international business

Relationship atmosphere in international business INTRODUCTION: Going international is seeking new markets for their products and services. To go international, it must establish good relations with their overseas customers suppliers overcoming the communication barrier and culture. Here to establish a good relationship with the bicycle manufacture based in Hanoi, Vietnam for the UK based company, the communication barrier is to be removed. The term relationship can indicate a mixture of things on how it is applied. Webster, (1992) says it can mean any type of co-operation, from coercive supply relationship to strategic alliances. Duck, (1991) says that relationship provide mutual support in form of exchange. The business marketing relationship is very important for success. The report deals with the importance of business relationship and its stages involved in creating the effective business relationship along with the variables involved in each stage. The foreign language requirement is identified in each stage and its implications in terms of training, recruitment and outsourcing. PART A STAGES IN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT. Lindgreen, (2001), as cited in Troy, (2004), says growth in relationship marketing is not fully supported because of the ambiguous concept without clear empirical support. Ford, (1980), says that relationship can fail to develop or regress depending upon the interest of the parties involved in relation. The similarities between the two parties are stressed along the whole path of making relationship. Many of the authors have mentioned different stages of making a business relationship successful. Ford, (1980) illustrated five stages: The pre-relationship stage. The early stage. The development stage The long-term stage The final stage Conway swift, (2000) suggests four stages: Pre-contact stage. Initial interaction stage. Development. Mature relationship. Many authors like Levitt, Dwyer, Scanzoni e.t.c have developed many stages in attaining the communal relationships which was said by Clark and Mills, (1979) where benefits to both parties are concerned with welfare for each other.( Conway and Swift, 2000). The pre-relationship stage Initially there is no relationship between the both the parties. Both the parties dont have knowledge of each other, where search for new potential buyers and suppliers bring them together. In the evaluation of potential new supplier, there will be no commitment between them in this stage (Ford, 1980). In this stage each company one has awareness of each other like what areas are they good in, performance and area of work. The main objective in this stage is to create awareness, gather information and evaluation of the supplier is done considering some factors like experience, uncertainty and distance (Ford, 1980). In the pre-relationship stage, the psychic distance is to be measured in the intermediate level (Conway and Swift, 2000). The early stage In this stage, the potential suppliers and buyers are in contact with each other. This is the initial interaction between them to develop a specification for the capital goods to be purchased (Ford, 1980). The discussion of initial inputs, priorities, needs and bargaining is done in this stage (Frazier, 1983; Dwyer, 1987). The lack of experience and mutual understanding makes relationship fragile at this phase (Troy, 2004). Due to high levels of uncertainty the psychic distance increases ( Conway and Swift, 2000).The relationship is done terms of the tasks of building experience, increasing commitment and the associated reduction in distance and uncertainty( Ford, 1980). The Development Stage It is the stage after the contract signing where increase of delivery of products can be seen. Here both buyer and seller will be dealing with aspects like integration of purchased product (Ford, 1980).The trust and commitment developed in the previous stages lead to risk taking. The interdependence increases with the decrease of uncertainty and distance. Here the information flow is making more gradual development in context, atmosphere of exchange, Intentions and interests of parties (Hallen and Sandstorm, 1991). However, the relationship can be discontinued based on the assessment of their potential, the performance, or of actions of outsiders (Ford, 1980). The Long-term stage In this stage, business is grown at high level with wide range of experience in dealing with each other and relationship at a full stretch (Ford et al., 2003). The commitment and trust are to be maintained at high level for the relationship to continue with good satisfaction level in business. As this report is for developing a strong relations in business for the UK based bicycle distributor to its Vietnam manufacture, the final stage i.e. relation end stage can be neglected as this report focuses on development of business relationship. VARIABLES IN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT Many of the authors have written a good deal on the components of successful relationships. Wilson, (1995) stated 13 important relationship variables that have support in empirical and theoretical. The most important factors which help the relationships, mostly in international context are listed below: Commitment Trust Customer orientation/ empathy Experience/satisfaction Communication. Commitment: According to Wilson, (1995) commitment is the most dependent variable in building a business relationship. Blois, (1998) commented, Commitment can be viewed as the ongoing investment to build up the activities which are to be maintained in relation. Commitment level can be high when the satisfaction of buyer-seller relation is high and the high degree of level of business along with social bonding (Conway and Swift, 2000). Anderson and Weitz (1989) commented that greater the investment made between buyer-seller relationships, greater would be commitment. Trust: Trust can be treated as the building block of any relationship. Rotter (1967) sees trust as a word between the buyer and seller where they can be relied on each other word regarding the commitments, honesty, in negotiations and taking of advantage in business. According to Morgan and Hunt (1994) trust acts as a catalyst for short-term alternatives in making them as long-term. According to Ali and Birley (1998) processed-based trust is more helpful in making relationship longer rather than characteristic based trust as it is based between individuals. Trust influences other variables like customer orientation and satisfaction (Conway and Swift, 2000). Finally, relationship without trust is just like candle under rain. Customer orientation/empathy Empathy means seeing the things in other point of view, so that we dont think of other circumstances that affecting the business. In the initial stages the empathy is more towards the buyer point of view from seller. The empathy acts as a starting step for making the relationship. Bonding of the relationship increases with the increase of empathy between the buyer-seller relations. Graham suggests that In addition to the bargaining strategy itself, interpersonal attraction (e.g. like/dislike, friendly/ unfriendly feelings) can strongly influence current negotiation outcomes and the success of future transactions (Adler and Graham, 1989, p.523). The social bonding and thinking in point of customer would create the relationship to grow faster (Conway and Swift, 2000). Experience/Satisfaction: Wilson (1995) defines satisfaction as demand and supply level performance in terms of their business from buyer-seller perceptive. The continuity of relation depends upon the satisfaction level on the partners performance upon the expectations (Levitt, 1981; Jackson, 1985). The experience need to be in a positive way rather than in negative way which descends the relationship. The experience helps in active mutual participation dealing all type of things (Conway and Swift, 2000). Communication: It is a variable which reduces the social, cultural, technological and time distance between the parties (Ford, 1980). According to Schramm, Communication is the process of establishing a commonness or oneness of thought between a sender and a receiver. (Schramm, 1954, p.3). The communication and relationship are inter-dependable. Effective communication decreases the barriers of negotiations, increase collaboration and co-ordination within the parties (Conway and Swift, 2000). The above table indicates the sequence of variables in their respective stage of making a business relationship. In the pre-contact stage Empathy plays an important is making a initial step. As this is about the awareness between the two parties, trust helps in believing each other and helps in research towards other party. As there is no actual business operation being done in this stage, the satisfaction and other variables are not considered in this stage. In the Early stage key variable is empathy, through which the contract is been signed and the flow of operation begins. Communication plays a vital role by decreasing the cultural distance between the parties. Here the trust acts as a catalyst for the relationship to improve and get strong. Satisfaction of the initial process of agreement makes the parties to move further. Commitment is not needed in this stage. In development stage, the trust and commitment of buyer/seller helps them improve the relationship further by making analysis and keeping negotiations in a right way. Satisfaction and communication helps by performance analysis and decrease in cultural distance. In long-term stage trust plays main role, without it relationship cannot move forward and stay for long time. Communication at this stage helps to remain the relationship in tact without any misleading. Depending upon the level of satisfaction, the continuing of relationship will depend. FOREIGN LANGUAGE REUIREMENTS Foreign language is one of the important factors in building the relationship and knowledge sharing in international business (Cooren, 2006) as cited in (Jakob, 2007). According to Holden, 2002, language is to be understood in basis of social and cognitive dimensions. Language barrier can be viewed as mutual unintelligibility and interpretation of culture. Building an international relationship requires intercultural communication.(Swift, 1991). Hofstede, 1993, says generally non local language is used in intercultural negotiations.(Bloch and Starks, 1999). According to Sims and Guice, 1992, p.23, regardless of the degree of fluency in language, Merely knowing how to speak and write a language does not ensure effective communication (Bloch and Starks, 1999).Understanding the foreign language helps to build up the market closeness, social and psychological distance ( Holden, ) as cited in (Swift, 1991). Pre-relationship stage In this stage, language plays an important role in understanding the other party in terms of previous performance, operation area, requirements etc. As this stage lacks mutual interaction, foreign language usage is less. But foreign language is much needed in understanding the intercultural perceptive. The persons having same cultural background and sound knowledge exhibits common pattern of opinion, regardless the party (Simintiars Thomas, 1998). As the UK based distributor replacing the manufacturer based in Hanoi, Vietnam, distributor should have proper knowledge of its culture and language which helps in building the initial trust required to build relationship. A translator would be helpful in this case. According to Gruber, translation should concentrate on ideas, not on words (Swift, 1991). The Early stage: In this stage, foreign language importance is very high. The contract of agreement is done and proper communication helps to deal with negotiations with the contracts, their needs and sources. Any translations are to be done according to, going from source language to target language with culturally influenced concepts in both source and target languages (Simpkin and Jones) as cited in (Swift, 1991). The UK distributor plans to visit the manufacture along with translator or interpreter. The negotiations are to be made with intercultural point of view. Here the cost of interpreter will be miscellaneous. Development stage: The development stage requires trust and satisfaction for the strong relationship. To attain trust, communication between both the parties should be more efficient without intercultural language barriers. The communication channels should be dense with various ways to transfer knowledge. Vietnam people prefer face-to-face interaction, social gatherings, virtual interaction and internet communication mostly (Napier, 2005). Interactive translation helps in attaining collaboration through understanding inherent uncertainties in knowledge sharing across languages and cultures (Napier, 2005). According to Swift, 1991, intermediaries act as potential barriers in attaining the market closeness and may act as leakage source of information. As the commitment is made, the collaboration is to be made between the Vietnam manufacture and UKs distributor by decreasing the usage of translators. The market closeness is to be attained which increase the product and market value. Foreign language proficiency is to be attained and communication is to be increased with the regular meetings. Training of their staff in foreign language helps in proper knowledge flow. The Long-term stage: Here cultural point of view along with efficient foreign language is important to drive relationship long-term. Johnstone, (1993) as cited by Swift, (2002) says intercultural language is vital thing. Vietnamese find it difficult to collaborate in teams (Napier, 2005) where as Britishers easily collaborate in teams. According to Ferney, 1990 satisfaction between the parties in language attain through suitable learning environment. Rose-Warne, (1994) as cited in Bloch and Starks, (1999) says non-native people speaking language makes overseas business people think negatively. This hinders British business effectiveness in international marketplace. Barham, (1991), argues doing business with English as medium of language is not sufficient as most parties try to do business in their native language. The firms should train their staff in all cultural points of view with language relation. The cultural training will co-relate people from different cultures and serve by decreasing the uncertainty, improved communication across co-cultures.(Nixon and Dawson, 2002). The learning environment between the distributors and manufactures should be bi-directional. The non-negative people speaking language should be well trained in slang which they speak. Training: Generally, the types of miscommunication that occur are: Total lack of understanding (Zero communication) Distortion of the message (Partly understanding of message). Inappropriate formulation and cultural insensitivity- the content is understood but message is not delivered in acceptable form. Insufficient vocabulary or use of idiom- knowledge of speaker in linguistic element is missing. (Bloch and Starks, 1999). Code-Switching: It is mixing of languages, restricted to members of a same group. It is unconscious behaviour, where communication is impeded between international business partners when listening is only done instead of participating.(Bloch and Starks, 1999) Staffs are to be trained in interactive communication with proper inter-cultural language. The sessions are to be conducted where staff is more emphasised on code-switching task and turn-taking. The training of employees is to be done in phonological differences: code switching, turn-taking and cultural point of view. Turn-taking: It is shifting of speaker from one to another in conversation. The length of pause and overlapping between the shifting should be acceptable cross-culturally (Bloch and Starks, 1999). Language translation: Localization method helps in translating language by combining language and technology to produce a product that cross cultural and language barriers. Machine language translation is method of translating material from one language to other through machine. According to Carlson, 2009 the machine translation cannot reach human translation. Recruitment: The recruitment of the staff is done from the Vietnam in less number, so that they would be helpful as translators and interpreters. The employees feel nativity and would helpful in building strong relationship. In the initial stage a translator is to be acquired, who help in building the initial relationship CONCLUSION: The successful business relationship development depends on the stages and the variables involved, along with their importance in each stage. The trust and communication plays an important role in building a relation into stronger. In each and every international business, language barrier with cultural differences occur. These are met by the proper training of staff in their plants with experts. All business people are to be initially trained well to solve problems in any stage of building of relationship. Interpreters acts as a source of language translator in initial stage, where use of them in further stages decrease the building of relationship. The basic types of miscommunication in language are to be considered and proper training sessions are to be conducted. The recruitment of the staff should also consider the other parties needs in point of language, culture and other needs which are best fulfilled by the native employees. Training sessions should be considered for the sta ff in all stages of building relationship. Foreign language requirements in each stage are considered and its importance. The foreign language is highly important in the later stages of building relationship REFERENCES: Ali, H. Birley (1998), The role of trust in the marketing activities of entrepreneurs establishing new ventures, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 14 No. 7, pp. 749-63. Anderson, J.C. Weitz, B.A. (1089), Determinats of Continuity in Conventional Industrial Channel Dyads, Marketing Science, Vol. 8 (4). Bloch. B starks. D (1999). The many faces of English: Intra-language variation and its implications for international business. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol.4 (2), pp.80-88 Blois, K.J. (1998), Dont all firms have relationships?, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 256-70. Conway, T. Shift, J.S. (2000), International Relationship Marketing- The Importance of Psychic Distance, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.34 (11). Cooren, F. (2006), The organizational world as a plenum of agencies, in Cooren, F., Taylor, J.R., Van Every, E.J. (Eds), Communication as Organizing, LEA, London. Duck, S. (1991), Understanding Relationships, Guilford Press, New York, NY. Dywer, F., Schurr, P.H Oh.S, (1987), Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships. Journal of Marketing, Vol.50 (April). Fernery, D. (1990) Language Skills: Is Reactive Training Enough?, journal of European Industrial Training, Vol.13(9). Ford, D. (1980), The Development of Buyer-Seller Relationships in Industrial Markets, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.14 (5/6). Ford, D. (1982),The Development of Buyer-Seller Relationship in Industrial Markets, in Hakansson, H (ED), International Marketing and Purchasing of Industrial Goods: An Interaction Approach, Wiley, New York, NY. Frazier, G.L. (1983), Interorganisational Exchange behaviour in Marketing Channels: A Broadened Perspective, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 47, Fall, pp.68-71. Hallen, L. Sandstorm, M. (1991), Relationship atmosphere in international business, in Paliwoda (ED), New Perspectives on International Marketing, Rout ledge, London,. Lindgreen, A. (2001),A framework for studying relationship marketing dyads, Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, Vol.4 (2). Morgan, R.M. Hunt, S.D. (1994),The commitment trust theory of relationship marketing, Journal of marketing, Vol.58 (3),pp.20-38. Napier, N.K. (2005), Knowledge transfer in Vietnam: Starts, stops and loops, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol.20 (7), pp. 621-636. Nixon, J.C Dawson, G.A, (2002), Reason for cross-cultural communication training, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol.7 (3). Rotter, J.B. (1967),A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust, Journal of Personality, Vol.35 (4), pp.61-65. Simintiras, A.C Thomas, A.H, (1998), Cross Cultural Scale Negotiations: A Literature review and research propositions, International marketing, Vol.15 (1). Swift, J.S. (1991),Foreign Language Ability and International Marketing, European Journal of marketing, Vol.25 (12). Swift, J.S. (2002),Foreign Language Competence and Cultural Affinity: A Study of Uk Executives in Foreign Markets, International Journal Management: An International Journal, Vol.9 (2). Troy, H. (2004), Trust formation in cross-cultural business-to-business relationships, Qualitative Market Research: An international journal, Vol.7 (2). Webster, F.W. (1992), The changing role of marketing in the corporation, Journal of Marketing, Vol.15. Wilson, D.T. (1995), An integrated model of buyer-seller relationships, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 23(4).

One Fat Summer - Analysis Of Important Theme Essay -- essays research

One Fat Summer by Robert Lipsyte, is a very good book for teenagers that feel insecure about themselves and have low self-esteem. In the book they will read about a young boy name, Bobby who overcomes his fears of being fat and being bullied by Willie, one that is much stronger then him physically, but not emotionally. The basic theme of this story is to stand up for yourself no matter the situation. Willie, the antagonist of the story accidentally makes Bobby overcome his fears and stand up to him. In a way Willie could be a protagonist because he helps Bobby overcome his fears. Willie is a crazy person that doesn't know what he is doing. It all started in the summer when Bobby, an overweight fifteen year old is embarrassed to take his clothes off and swim in the beach because he is embarrassed that people would make fun of his wobbly legs and stomach, yet that isn't the his worst fear. He had taken swimming lessons the last summer, but quit because he started to gain a lot of weight. He tries to ignore the nasty remarks people say about him, but they stay in his mind. He can sort of ignore it because his best friend, Joanie has the ugliest nose on the face of the earth, but she doesn't care a bit about what other people think, which makes her Bobby's mentor, kind of. Bobby finds himself a hard low paying job. It doesn't matter to him how much it pays, but he wants to feel secure about himself that he can do something in his life except eat. The job is to mow a lawn f...