Marvin Hugley Jr. Essays - Literature, Poetry, Metaphysical Poetry

Marvin Hugley Jr. Tim Welch English 102 March 5, 2017 Marvin's View Of The Flea "The Flea", a witty poem of seduction and conceit, taken from John Donne's "Songs and Sonnets" is the poem that I have chosen to compare to "Song", another poem of John Donne's where he is passionately pleading with his wife not to be disheartened about his departureabroad. Both poems which belong to " Songs and Sonnets", written around the time of the 16th century, show that their title suggests they are both short poems, following the traditional form of a sonnet, consisting of fourteen lines. However, they are not "songs" in the conventional sense we think of and none of them are written as a sonnet. In fact, Donne's poems were intended for circulation around his local pub, "Lincoln's Inn", where he could impress his male friends with hisbawdy poetic nature. "The Flea", emphatically rejects the Petrarchan tradition of love poetry, where the woman is a goddess, an object of desire worth worshipping by a man. Instead, Donne wrote poems that saw the earthy reality of sexual relations between a man and woman. The poem, whose historical convention probably started with Ovid, shows that it was common in Elizabethan times to envy a flea for its access to the female body. Donne throughout the poem makes references to the flea, presenting a conceit produced of wit, integrity and persuasion. The title, which presents the conceit, is in fact the structure of the poem, the entire poem depends on this conceit. At first, this is a puzzling image to the reader, it seems bizarre and inappropriate. However, as the poem continues, Donne's argument does also, and we seehow reality is conveyed by the vivid imagery of the flea. Donne uses a three-part syllogism in this poem which he delivers in a matter-of-fact- tone: "It sucked me first, and now sucks thee / And in this flea, our two bloods mingled be" Here Donne shows manipulation towards the woman. He reveals an attitude that is persuasive, but manipulative by saying that since they are one in the flea, they should make love anyway, seeing as they are already joined. I question whether this is love, or lust? Donne presses on with his argument, he develops a series of persuasions to attempt his mistress into bed with him: "How little that thou deny'st me is." Here, Donne is again being manipulative; he is scornful and is appealing to her to see how desperate he is for her to agree. Byusing a triple structure, he is appealing to her knowledge and is showing emphasis: "Thou know'st that this cannot be said / A sinne, nor shame, nor loss of maiden head" Here Donne has asked his mistress not to kill the flea, cleverly revealing that it would be suicide since both her and Donne are joined as one in this flea. He uses a hyperbole, the deliberate exaggeration of saying this would be a murder, thus creates effect. He uses emotional blackmail and accusatory towards his mistress. However, the argument is turned around, when she retorts that neither of them areworse off in this act, to which he proceeds a mock concession, pretending to give into her point. The final few lines of the final stanza show a reversal. Donne agrees with his mistress' argument, he can see how she would be right when she claims that killing a flea is so unimportant. However, there is a clever finish to Donne's argument, and one that reveals a lot about his attitude to love andwomen. He shows impudence and confidence when he says that no harm has been done, equally there would there be no harm done if they were to make love. This shows how he thinks the act of love is so little, he is comparing it to the killing of a flea, a creature so small. Donne reveals his attitude to women throughout this whole poem. Is this a poem of love, seduction or lust? It is indeed genuinely persuasive and a poem that certainly carries an intellectual argument throughout, but is the poem a compliment to the women, or a means of satisfying the male desire resulting in it being highly offensive to feminists. It

Herman Hollerith, the Inventor of Computer Punch Cards

Herman Hollerith, the Inventor of Computer Punch Cards A  punch card  is a piece of  stiff paper  that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. The information might be data for data processing applications or, as in earlier times, used to directly control  automated machinery. The terms  IBM card, or  Hollerith card,  specifically refer to punch cards used in semiautomatic data processing. Punch cards were widely used through much of the 20th century in what became known as the data processing industry, where specialized and increasingly complex  unit record machines, organized into  data processing systems, used punched cards for data input, output, and storage.  Many early  digital computers  used punched cards, often prepared using  keypunch  machines, as the primary medium for input of both  computer programs  and  data. Punched cards are now obsolete as a  recording medium, as the last election in which they were used was the 2014 midterms, according to the Pew Research Center. Semen Korsakov  was the first to use punch cards in informatics for information store and search. Korsakov announced his new method and machines in September 1832; rather than seeking patents, he offered the machines for public use. Herman Hollerith In 1881, Herman Hollerith began designing a machine to tabulate census data more efficiently than by traditional hand methods. The U.S. Census Bureau had taken eight years to complete the 1880 census, and it was feared that the 1890 census would take even longer. Hollerith invented and used a punched card device to help analyze the 1890 U.S. census data. His great breakthrough was his use of electricity to read, count and sort punched cards whose holes represented data gathered by the census-takers. His machines were used for the 1890 census and accomplished in one year what would have taken nearly 10 years of hand tabulating. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company to sell his invention, the Company became part of  IBM  in 1924. Hollerith first got his idea for the punch-card tabulation machine from watching a train conductor punch tickets. For his tabulation machine, he used the punch card invented in the early 1800s, by a French silk weaver called  Joseph-Marie Jacquard. Jacquard invented a way of automatically controlling the warp and weft threads on a silk loom by recording patterns of holes in a string of cards. Holleriths punch cards and tabulating machines were a step toward automated computation. His device could automatically read information which had been punched onto a card. He got the idea and then saw Jacquards punchcard. Punch card technology was used in computers up until the late 1970s. Computer punched cards were read electronically, the cards moved between brass rods, and the holes in the cards created an electric current where the rods would touch. What Is a Chad? A chad is a small piece of paper or cardboard produced in punching paper tape or data cards; also can be called a piece of chad. The term originated in 1947 and is of unknown origin. In laymens terms, chad is the punched out parts of the card - the holes.

Management and Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and Motivation - Essay Example A. As the workplace structure and workers themselves change, management faces the problem of how to motivate employees (Gerstner, 2002). Gerstner (2002) poses the questions of "How do you pull the levers of motivation to change the attitudes, behavior, and thinking of a population Different people are motivated by different things that may include money, career advancement, and recognition" (Gerstner, 2002). Effectively changing the attitudes, behavior, and thinking of workers demands that a manager knows what levers of motivation to pull in the first place. B. A global executive should provide leadership and direction to management levels according to business goals, mission, and vision. Global leaders and executives have certain characteristics and skills in order to succeed in the globalize world of business (Gregersen, Morrison, & Black, 1998). C. Knowing how to motivate well will enable managers to realize the full potential of each employee. Much literature about theories of motivation and work relate to the subject of inspiring employees to be their best (Gagne & Deci, 2005). D. This report will discuss motivation and how managers can use it for a better, more profitable, efficient workplace. This report will also explore the different theories, concepts, and practices managers can use to motivate employees. E. ... Much literature about theories of motivation and work relate to the subject of inspiring employees to be their best (Gagne & Deci, 2005). D. This report will discuss motivation and how managers can use it for a better, more profitable, efficient workplace. This report will also explore the different theories, concepts, and practices managers can use to motivate employees. E. A leader is a visionary who has the end goal in mind and can see the big picture. A leader is a motivator of his/her followers. There are a variety of leadership styles a leader may holds; what separate a leader from the rest are the traits they posses to succeed and the various background assumptions held true by the . Some of these traits may include intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability (Cox, 2001). F. Executives are motivated by the goal and fits in the business component. S/he reacts rationally to external conditions and develops new ideas. This person holds superior information in regards to customer needs and company resources. A leader can visualize change and progress as well as the creation process. These leaders have certain characteristics such as creativity, innovativeness, and flexibility, posses certain leadership characteristics as high ethical standards, energy, prioritization skills, commitment, dedication, goal orientation, empathetic, and extroverted. Leaders adapt leadership styles accordingly in order to better create and develop new ideas or reform existing ones (Northouse, 2004). G. A manager's job is to get things done through employees, so knowing how to motivate employees is always a challenge that has never been easy and is not getting

Amadeus the Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Amadeus the Film - Movie Review Example The atrocities of the royal couple in France are well - known. Marie apparently influenced Joseph to keep a strict control on any art and culture developments in Austria, which might turn subversive. These facts seep casually into the narrative through Joseph II's dialogues. An otherwise liberal man, Joseph had an Italian triumvirate to advise him on 'proper' entertainment. Salieri was part of this trio. The handful of musicians and artists who enjoyed royal patronage stayed on the right side of royalty and composed pieces in Italian that very few understood, eschewed ballet as debauched and favored themes that would offend no one and cause no one to think. The film shows this beautifully, through skillfully chosen characters, their pompous stance and carefully cultivated expressions. It was in this atmosphere that Wolfgang arrived in Vienna, freshly banished by the Archbishop at Salzburg. Unrepentant and arrogant, he did not believe he had any rivals. He was simply the best while others composed rubbish. Mozart is the polar opposite of a serious composer. The audacious Amadeus and his artless wife giggled their way through mindless entertainment, were very bad debtors and yet had a strange dignity about them; there was self belief and belief in each other. Constanza took in her stride her husband's lack of practical sense, gently coaxed and cajoled him into doing things to earn money, was ready to trade her body for a night to buy him a tutorship to royalty, but was impractical enough to estrange a concerned and well-heeled father in law. Of course, the movie has taken liberties with facts, for instance, Mozart's sister Nannerl, who was actually quite an influence on him is completely done away with, as are the many children that Mozart and Constanza had. Retain ing them in the story would have underscored the pathos of his isolation and gradual slide into drunken desperation. However, none of this prevents him from composing brilliantly. One of his first commissions was to write the score for an opera - a Turkish folk story set in a harem (Mozart's choice of subject) in German (the emperor's choice of language). The turca-allegro form uses sopranos for the fun element and a heavily textured orchestra. This was the first of many deviations that Mozart would insist on. The film, which opens with one of his famous tutti with a signature tremolo and a heavy orchestra scores, is peppered with snatches of his work -the conventional chamber music to entertain the royal family, writing Masses and so on. They are rightly not mentioned prominently because of their huge numbers; but they are representative of Mozart's style of playing upon a single note or phrase before launching into symphony. The movie gives music lovers and aficionados a delicious slice of the music of the classical era through Mozart's pieces. Both the sonata allegro and the sonata rondo are in evidence. The Marriage of Figaro is trademark Mozart - rich in notes, too much for the untutored Viennese public to take. The emperor famously remarked that it had too many notes to which Mozart had made the equally famous reply that it had not one note too many and had gone on to audaciously ask -which would you have me remove, superbly establishing himself as the master of his craft . Figaro, with it risqu Italian intrigue was originally rejected as subject (apparently it had caused unrest against the royalty in France) but later allowed. The same fate met the ballet in the marriage

Assignment and presentation A1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

And presentation A1 - Assignment Example Coca-Cola possesses the best known brand globally whilst PepsiCo possess massive brand-name reorganization but is more diversified than corresponding Coca-Cola. From the year 2009 to the year 2013, PepsiCo accomplished slightly better growth rate in terms of sales and net profit whilst Coca-Cola have maintained better profit margin with relatively lower cost of sales. Moreover, PepsiCo’s posed relatively lower short-term solvency risk to its underlying investors compared to the Coca-Cola. Both the companies exhibited low long-term solvency risk with PepsiCo’s risk being slightly upper than Coca-Cola’s. Both the companies experienced an identical level of investors’ confidence and stock pricing. The companies’ stocks are mainly dividend generating stocks. Nevertheless, Coca-Cola had relatively dividend yield and corresponding dividend payout rate. Coca-Cola’s bigger profit margin and dividends are probably very attractive to a potential investor bur PepsiCo’s development potentials, business diversification, low short-term liquidity risk, low long-term solvency risk, better return on investment and effective asset utilization definitely make the company’s stock a better venture

Relationship atmosphere in international business

Relationship atmosphere in international business INTRODUCTION: Going international is seeking new markets for their products and services. To go international, it must establish good relations with their overseas customers suppliers overcoming the communication barrier and culture. Here to establish a good relationship with the bicycle manufacture based in Hanoi, Vietnam for the UK based company, the communication barrier is to be removed. The term relationship can indicate a mixture of things on how it is applied. Webster, (1992) says it can mean any type of co-operation, from coercive supply relationship to strategic alliances. Duck, (1991) says that relationship provide mutual support in form of exchange. The business marketing relationship is very important for success. The report deals with the importance of business relationship and its stages involved in creating the effective business relationship along with the variables involved in each stage. The foreign language requirement is identified in each stage and its implications in terms of training, recruitment and outsourcing. PART A STAGES IN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT. Lindgreen, (2001), as cited in Troy, (2004), says growth in relationship marketing is not fully supported because of the ambiguous concept without clear empirical support. Ford, (1980), says that relationship can fail to develop or regress depending upon the interest of the parties involved in relation. The similarities between the two parties are stressed along the whole path of making relationship. Many of the authors have mentioned different stages of making a business relationship successful. Ford, (1980) illustrated five stages: The pre-relationship stage. The early stage. The development stage The long-term stage The final stage Conway swift, (2000) suggests four stages: Pre-contact stage. Initial interaction stage. Development. Mature relationship. Many authors like Levitt, Dwyer, Scanzoni e.t.c have developed many stages in attaining the communal relationships which was said by Clark and Mills, (1979) where benefits to both parties are concerned with welfare for each other.( Conway and Swift, 2000). The pre-relationship stage Initially there is no relationship between the both the parties. Both the parties dont have knowledge of each other, where search for new potential buyers and suppliers bring them together. In the evaluation of potential new supplier, there will be no commitment between them in this stage (Ford, 1980). In this stage each company one has awareness of each other like what areas are they good in, performance and area of work. The main objective in this stage is to create awareness, gather information and evaluation of the supplier is done considering some factors like experience, uncertainty and distance (Ford, 1980). In the pre-relationship stage, the psychic distance is to be measured in the intermediate level (Conway and Swift, 2000). The early stage In this stage, the potential suppliers and buyers are in contact with each other. This is the initial interaction between them to develop a specification for the capital goods to be purchased (Ford, 1980). The discussion of initial inputs, priorities, needs and bargaining is done in this stage (Frazier, 1983; Dwyer, 1987). The lack of experience and mutual understanding makes relationship fragile at this phase (Troy, 2004). Due to high levels of uncertainty the psychic distance increases ( Conway and Swift, 2000).The relationship is done terms of the tasks of building experience, increasing commitment and the associated reduction in distance and uncertainty( Ford, 1980). The Development Stage It is the stage after the contract signing where increase of delivery of products can be seen. Here both buyer and seller will be dealing with aspects like integration of purchased product (Ford, 1980).The trust and commitment developed in the previous stages lead to risk taking. The interdependence increases with the decrease of uncertainty and distance. Here the information flow is making more gradual development in context, atmosphere of exchange, Intentions and interests of parties (Hallen and Sandstorm, 1991). However, the relationship can be discontinued based on the assessment of their potential, the performance, or of actions of outsiders (Ford, 1980). The Long-term stage In this stage, business is grown at high level with wide range of experience in dealing with each other and relationship at a full stretch (Ford et al., 2003). The commitment and trust are to be maintained at high level for the relationship to continue with good satisfaction level in business. As this report is for developing a strong relations in business for the UK based bicycle distributor to its Vietnam manufacture, the final stage i.e. relation end stage can be neglected as this report focuses on development of business relationship. VARIABLES IN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT Many of the authors have written a good deal on the components of successful relationships. Wilson, (1995) stated 13 important relationship variables that have support in empirical and theoretical. The most important factors which help the relationships, mostly in international context are listed below: Commitment Trust Customer orientation/ empathy Experience/satisfaction Communication. Commitment: According to Wilson, (1995) commitment is the most dependent variable in building a business relationship. Blois, (1998) commented, Commitment can be viewed as the ongoing investment to build up the activities which are to be maintained in relation. Commitment level can be high when the satisfaction of buyer-seller relation is high and the high degree of level of business along with social bonding (Conway and Swift, 2000). Anderson and Weitz (1989) commented that greater the investment made between buyer-seller relationships, greater would be commitment. Trust: Trust can be treated as the building block of any relationship. Rotter (1967) sees trust as a word between the buyer and seller where they can be relied on each other word regarding the commitments, honesty, in negotiations and taking of advantage in business. According to Morgan and Hunt (1994) trust acts as a catalyst for short-term alternatives in making them as long-term. According to Ali and Birley (1998) processed-based trust is more helpful in making relationship longer rather than characteristic based trust as it is based between individuals. Trust influences other variables like customer orientation and satisfaction (Conway and Swift, 2000). Finally, relationship without trust is just like candle under rain. Customer orientation/empathy Empathy means seeing the things in other point of view, so that we dont think of other circumstances that affecting the business. In the initial stages the empathy is more towards the buyer point of view from seller. The empathy acts as a starting step for making the relationship. Bonding of the relationship increases with the increase of empathy between the buyer-seller relations. Graham suggests that In addition to the bargaining strategy itself, interpersonal attraction (e.g. like/dislike, friendly/ unfriendly feelings) can strongly influence current negotiation outcomes and the success of future transactions (Adler and Graham, 1989, p.523). The social bonding and thinking in point of customer would create the relationship to grow faster (Conway and Swift, 2000). Experience/Satisfaction: Wilson (1995) defines satisfaction as demand and supply level performance in terms of their business from buyer-seller perceptive. The continuity of relation depends upon the satisfaction level on the partners performance upon the expectations (Levitt, 1981; Jackson, 1985). The experience need to be in a positive way rather than in negative way which descends the relationship. The experience helps in active mutual participation dealing all type of things (Conway and Swift, 2000). Communication: It is a variable which reduces the social, cultural, technological and time distance between the parties (Ford, 1980). According to Schramm, Communication is the process of establishing a commonness or oneness of thought between a sender and a receiver. (Schramm, 1954, p.3). The communication and relationship are inter-dependable. Effective communication decreases the barriers of negotiations, increase collaboration and co-ordination within the parties (Conway and Swift, 2000). The above table indicates the sequence of variables in their respective stage of making a business relationship. In the pre-contact stage Empathy plays an important is making a initial step. As this is about the awareness between the two parties, trust helps in believing each other and helps in research towards other party. As there is no actual business operation being done in this stage, the satisfaction and other variables are not considered in this stage. In the Early stage key variable is empathy, through which the contract is been signed and the flow of operation begins. Communication plays a vital role by decreasing the cultural distance between the parties. Here the trust acts as a catalyst for the relationship to improve and get strong. Satisfaction of the initial process of agreement makes the parties to move further. Commitment is not needed in this stage. In development stage, the trust and commitment of buyer/seller helps them improve the relationship further by making analysis and keeping negotiations in a right way. Satisfaction and communication helps by performance analysis and decrease in cultural distance. In long-term stage trust plays main role, without it relationship cannot move forward and stay for long time. Communication at this stage helps to remain the relationship in tact without any misleading. Depending upon the level of satisfaction, the continuing of relationship will depend. FOREIGN LANGUAGE REUIREMENTS Foreign language is one of the important factors in building the relationship and knowledge sharing in international business (Cooren, 2006) as cited in (Jakob, 2007). According to Holden, 2002, language is to be understood in basis of social and cognitive dimensions. Language barrier can be viewed as mutual unintelligibility and interpretation of culture. Building an international relationship requires intercultural communication.(Swift, 1991). Hofstede, 1993, says generally non local language is used in intercultural negotiations.(Bloch and Starks, 1999). According to Sims and Guice, 1992, p.23, regardless of the degree of fluency in language, Merely knowing how to speak and write a language does not ensure effective communication (Bloch and Starks, 1999).Understanding the foreign language helps to build up the market closeness, social and psychological distance ( Holden, ) as cited in (Swift, 1991). Pre-relationship stage In this stage, language plays an important role in understanding the other party in terms of previous performance, operation area, requirements etc. As this stage lacks mutual interaction, foreign language usage is less. But foreign language is much needed in understanding the intercultural perceptive. The persons having same cultural background and sound knowledge exhibits common pattern of opinion, regardless the party (Simintiars Thomas, 1998). As the UK based distributor replacing the manufacturer based in Hanoi, Vietnam, distributor should have proper knowledge of its culture and language which helps in building the initial trust required to build relationship. A translator would be helpful in this case. According to Gruber, translation should concentrate on ideas, not on words (Swift, 1991). The Early stage: In this stage, foreign language importance is very high. The contract of agreement is done and proper communication helps to deal with negotiations with the contracts, their needs and sources. Any translations are to be done according to, going from source language to target language with culturally influenced concepts in both source and target languages (Simpkin and Jones) as cited in (Swift, 1991). The UK distributor plans to visit the manufacture along with translator or interpreter. The negotiations are to be made with intercultural point of view. Here the cost of interpreter will be miscellaneous. Development stage: The development stage requires trust and satisfaction for the strong relationship. To attain trust, communication between both the parties should be more efficient without intercultural language barriers. The communication channels should be dense with various ways to transfer knowledge. Vietnam people prefer face-to-face interaction, social gatherings, virtual interaction and internet communication mostly (Napier, 2005). Interactive translation helps in attaining collaboration through understanding inherent uncertainties in knowledge sharing across languages and cultures (Napier, 2005). According to Swift, 1991, intermediaries act as potential barriers in attaining the market closeness and may act as leakage source of information. As the commitment is made, the collaboration is to be made between the Vietnam manufacture and UKs distributor by decreasing the usage of translators. The market closeness is to be attained which increase the product and market value. Foreign language proficiency is to be attained and communication is to be increased with the regular meetings. Training of their staff in foreign language helps in proper knowledge flow. The Long-term stage: Here cultural point of view along with efficient foreign language is important to drive relationship long-term. Johnstone, (1993) as cited by Swift, (2002) says intercultural language is vital thing. Vietnamese find it difficult to collaborate in teams (Napier, 2005) where as Britishers easily collaborate in teams. According to Ferney, 1990 satisfaction between the parties in language attain through suitable learning environment. Rose-Warne, (1994) as cited in Bloch and Starks, (1999) says non-native people speaking language makes overseas business people think negatively. This hinders British business effectiveness in international marketplace. Barham, (1991), argues doing business with English as medium of language is not sufficient as most parties try to do business in their native language. The firms should train their staff in all cultural points of view with language relation. The cultural training will co-relate people from different cultures and serve by decreasing the uncertainty, improved communication across co-cultures.(Nixon and Dawson, 2002). The learning environment between the distributors and manufactures should be bi-directional. The non-negative people speaking language should be well trained in slang which they speak. Training: Generally, the types of miscommunication that occur are: Total lack of understanding (Zero communication) Distortion of the message (Partly understanding of message). Inappropriate formulation and cultural insensitivity- the content is understood but message is not delivered in acceptable form. Insufficient vocabulary or use of idiom- knowledge of speaker in linguistic element is missing. (Bloch and Starks, 1999). Code-Switching: It is mixing of languages, restricted to members of a same group. It is unconscious behaviour, where communication is impeded between international business partners when listening is only done instead of participating.(Bloch and Starks, 1999) Staffs are to be trained in interactive communication with proper inter-cultural language. The sessions are to be conducted where staff is more emphasised on code-switching task and turn-taking. The training of employees is to be done in phonological differences: code switching, turn-taking and cultural point of view. Turn-taking: It is shifting of speaker from one to another in conversation. The length of pause and overlapping between the shifting should be acceptable cross-culturally (Bloch and Starks, 1999). Language translation: Localization method helps in translating language by combining language and technology to produce a product that cross cultural and language barriers. Machine language translation is method of translating material from one language to other through machine. According to Carlson, 2009 the machine translation cannot reach human translation. Recruitment: The recruitment of the staff is done from the Vietnam in less number, so that they would be helpful as translators and interpreters. The employees feel nativity and would helpful in building strong relationship. In the initial stage a translator is to be acquired, who help in building the initial relationship CONCLUSION: The successful business relationship development depends on the stages and the variables involved, along with their importance in each stage. The trust and communication plays an important role in building a relation into stronger. In each and every international business, language barrier with cultural differences occur. These are met by the proper training of staff in their plants with experts. All business people are to be initially trained well to solve problems in any stage of building of relationship. Interpreters acts as a source of language translator in initial stage, where use of them in further stages decrease the building of relationship. The basic types of miscommunication in language are to be considered and proper training sessions are to be conducted. The recruitment of the staff should also consider the other parties needs in point of language, culture and other needs which are best fulfilled by the native employees. Training sessions should be considered for the sta ff in all stages of building relationship. Foreign language requirements in each stage are considered and its importance. The foreign language is highly important in the later stages of building relationship REFERENCES: Ali, H. Birley (1998), The role of trust in the marketing activities of entrepreneurs establishing new ventures, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 14 No. 7, pp. 749-63. Anderson, J.C. Weitz, B.A. (1089), Determinats of Continuity in Conventional Industrial Channel Dyads, Marketing Science, Vol. 8 (4). Bloch. B starks. D (1999). The many faces of English: Intra-language variation and its implications for international business. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol.4 (2), pp.80-88 Blois, K.J. (1998), Dont all firms have relationships?, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 256-70. Conway, T. Shift, J.S. (2000), International Relationship Marketing- The Importance of Psychic Distance, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.34 (11). Cooren, F. (2006), The organizational world as a plenum of agencies, in Cooren, F., Taylor, J.R., Van Every, E.J. (Eds), Communication as Organizing, LEA, London. Duck, S. (1991), Understanding Relationships, Guilford Press, New York, NY. Dywer, F., Schurr, P.H Oh.S, (1987), Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships. Journal of Marketing, Vol.50 (April). Fernery, D. (1990) Language Skills: Is Reactive Training Enough?, journal of European Industrial Training, Vol.13(9). Ford, D. (1980), The Development of Buyer-Seller Relationships in Industrial Markets, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.14 (5/6). Ford, D. (1982),The Development of Buyer-Seller Relationship in Industrial Markets, in Hakansson, H (ED), International Marketing and Purchasing of Industrial Goods: An Interaction Approach, Wiley, New York, NY. Frazier, G.L. (1983), Interorganisational Exchange behaviour in Marketing Channels: A Broadened Perspective, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 47, Fall, pp.68-71. Hallen, L. Sandstorm, M. (1991), Relationship atmosphere in international business, in Paliwoda (ED), New Perspectives on International Marketing, Rout ledge, London,. Lindgreen, A. (2001),A framework for studying relationship marketing dyads, Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, Vol.4 (2). Morgan, R.M. Hunt, S.D. (1994),The commitment trust theory of relationship marketing, Journal of marketing, Vol.58 (3),pp.20-38. Napier, N.K. (2005), Knowledge transfer in Vietnam: Starts, stops and loops, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol.20 (7), pp. 621-636. Nixon, J.C Dawson, G.A, (2002), Reason for cross-cultural communication training, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol.7 (3). Rotter, J.B. (1967),A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust, Journal of Personality, Vol.35 (4), pp.61-65. Simintiras, A.C Thomas, A.H, (1998), Cross Cultural Scale Negotiations: A Literature review and research propositions, International marketing, Vol.15 (1). Swift, J.S. (1991),Foreign Language Ability and International Marketing, European Journal of marketing, Vol.25 (12). Swift, J.S. (2002),Foreign Language Competence and Cultural Affinity: A Study of Uk Executives in Foreign Markets, International Journal Management: An International Journal, Vol.9 (2). Troy, H. (2004), Trust formation in cross-cultural business-to-business relationships, Qualitative Market Research: An international journal, Vol.7 (2). Webster, F.W. (1992), The changing role of marketing in the corporation, Journal of Marketing, Vol.15. Wilson, D.T. (1995), An integrated model of buyer-seller relationships, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 23(4).

One Fat Summer - Analysis Of Important Theme Essay -- essays research

One Fat Summer by Robert Lipsyte, is a very good book for teenagers that feel insecure about themselves and have low self-esteem. In the book they will read about a young boy name, Bobby who overcomes his fears of being fat and being bullied by Willie, one that is much stronger then him physically, but not emotionally. The basic theme of this story is to stand up for yourself no matter the situation. Willie, the antagonist of the story accidentally makes Bobby overcome his fears and stand up to him. In a way Willie could be a protagonist because he helps Bobby overcome his fears. Willie is a crazy person that doesn't know what he is doing. It all started in the summer when Bobby, an overweight fifteen year old is embarrassed to take his clothes off and swim in the beach because he is embarrassed that people would make fun of his wobbly legs and stomach, yet that isn't the his worst fear. He had taken swimming lessons the last summer, but quit because he started to gain a lot of weight. He tries to ignore the nasty remarks people say about him, but they stay in his mind. He can sort of ignore it because his best friend, Joanie has the ugliest nose on the face of the earth, but she doesn't care a bit about what other people think, which makes her Bobby's mentor, kind of. Bobby finds himself a hard low paying job. It doesn't matter to him how much it pays, but he wants to feel secure about himself that he can do something in his life except eat. The job is to mow a lawn f...